Abstract
In the wake of the 2003 attacks in Casablanca, one of the major challenges of the last decade was to turn it into a “city without slums”. In response to this challenge, the Essalam Al Loghlam project was among the first to begin the slum eradication process by relocating the inhabitants of two of the oldest and most important slums of Casablanca: Karyan Thomas and Douar Skouila, symbols of the 2003 events. On this occasion, the public authorities promoted a family relocation funding instrument financed by private investors. This allowed several thousand families to benefit from new housing, often free of charge or without incurring debts. This mechanism, which was granted public incentives, stands out as an innovative and pertinent experience with regard to the difficult access to social housing in the greater Casablanca. Today extended to the projects of “Casablanca without Slums” Programme, it opens up housing opportunities and solutions for households with limited financial means in similar urban contexts.
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Notes
- 1.
Attacharouk, Nassim, Anassi Operations.
- 2.
Target 11 under MDG 7 of the Millennium Development Goals: “Achieve, by 2020, a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers”
- 3.
The rate of advancement of the programme reached 70 % in 2012 (UN Habitat 2012).
- 4.
The first slums appeared in Casablanca in the 1920s.
- 5.
Greater Casablanca.
- 6.
In 2007, another attack targeted a cybercafé in the area of Sidi Moumen.
- 7.
Labour used in the construction of the port of Casablanca was often housed in makeshift housing near the quarries used for this purpose. The name would be “Morrocanized” to use the word Karyan (distortion of “quarry”) that gradually designated slums in a Moroccan dialect.
- 8.
In Morocco “resettlement” designates the interventions that yielded to slums the habitat lots they valued or built themselves.
- 9.
With a surface of approximately 75 m2.
- 10.
Device inspired from identical experiences initiated in the 1990s in Morocco on R+2 habitation lots but also informal practices.
- 11.
In spite of these delays, the Essalam project nevertheless benefited from an agreement worth 440 million euros to upgrade the area of Sidi Moumen. A dozen institutional and elected actors were involved (Habitat, Finances, National Education, Health, Department of the Interior, Professional Training, Youth and Sports, City, Prefectoral Council, Region). This agreement could be thanks to close coordination between the stakeholders under the aegis of the Wali and the Area Governor and to appropriate technical management.
- 12.
He was previously entitled to half of the surface.
- 13.
Average investment in the construction is between 60,000 and 70,000 Euros.
- 14.
One third of households, according to an investigation carried out on this occasion.
- 15.
Notably regarding signing the discharge of the apartment delivery by the slum families for the benefit of the third-party partners.
References
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Further Reading
General Bibliography – Marocco, Casablanca
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Hauw, D. (2004). Les opérations de relogement en habitat collectif à Casablanca, de la vision des aménageurs aux pratiques des habitants. Université François Rabelais, Tours.
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Specific Bibliography – Sidi Moumen
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ONU-Habitat. (2011). Habitat Info, La Newsletter d’Al Omrane, 1.
ONU-Habitat. (2012). Résorption des bidonvilles: l’expérience marocaine. Paper presented at the Sortir des Bidonvilles, un défi mondial pour 2020, Rabat.
Programme de lutte contre l’exclusion sociale en milieu urbain: Initiative Nationale pour le Développement Humain.
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Slimani, L. (2010). Sidi Moumen fait peau neuve. Jeune Afrique.
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Case Study: Douar Sekouila, Casablanca, Morocco
Case Study: Douar Sekouila, Casablanca, Morocco
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Toutain, O. (2016). The Experience of Private Investments and Funding: The Relocation of the Karyan Thomas and Douar Skouila Households. In: Bolay, JC., Chenal, J., Pedrazzini, Y. (eds) Learning from the Slums for the Development of Emerging Cities. GeoJournal Library, vol 119. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31794-6_13
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