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Suicide and Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar Depression: Molecular Neurobiology, Clinical Diagnosis, and Pharmacotherapy

Part of the book series: Milestones in Drug Therapy ((MDT))

Abstract

Bipolar disorders are common but frequently under-referred, underdiagnosed, and undertreated illnesses with markedly elevated premature mortality. Up to 15 % of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) die by suicide, and about half of them make at least one suicide attempt in their lifetime. The suicide rate of (untreated) BD patients is 20–25 times higher than the same rate in the general population. Suicidal behavior (completed suicide and suicide attempt) in BD patients occurs almost exclusively during the severe major (often mixed) depressive episode and less frequently in mania with mixed features but very rarely during euphoric mania, hypomania, or euthymia; this suggests that suicidal behavior in BD patients is a state- and severity-dependent phenomenon. However, since the majority of BD patients never commit suicide (and up to 50 % of them never attempt it), risk factors other than BD itself also play a significant contributory role. This chapter summarizes the clinically most relevant suicide risk and protective factors in BD and also briefly explores the most effective suicide prevention strategies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Kutvolgyi ut 4, 1125, Budapest, Hungary

    Zoltán Rihmer MD, PhD, DSc & Péter Döme MD, PhD

  2. Laboratory for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Lehel u. 59, 1135, Budapest, Hungary

    Zoltán Rihmer MD, PhD, DSc & Péter Döme MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Zoltán Rihmer MD, PhD, DSc
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  2. Péter Döme MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Zoltán Rihmer MD, PhD, DSc .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Carlos A. Zarate Jr.

  2. Janssen Pharmaceuticals of Johnson and Johnson, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey, USA

    Husseini K. Manji

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Rihmer, Z., Döme, P. (2016). Suicide and Bipolar Disorder. In: Zarate Jr., C., Manji, H. (eds) Bipolar Depression: Molecular Neurobiology, Clinical Diagnosis, and Pharmacotherapy. Milestones in Drug Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31689-5_4

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