Abstract
Fabrication Laboratories (Fab Labs) are publicly accessible workshops offering digital manufacturing technology and electronics tools to anyone. Fab Labs continue a tradition of places for do-it-yourself (DIY) with technology for tinkering and inventing. They stand at the beginning of what has become known as the ‘Maker Movement’. Fab Labs aim to be the places where digital manufacturing know how is shared among their users. Particularly in Europe the Fab Lab concept has inspired grass-roots communities to set up such workshops. Fab Labs have been instrumental in promoting 3D printing, since these were the places where 3D printers were available to the public. Some Fab Labs were also involved in iconic 3D printing projects and developing and improving 3D printers. However, most of the current activities in Fab Labs remain recreational or educational. Meanwhile new models for collaborative production are slowly developing. Some technical, economic and social challenges have to be resolved. And Fab Labs will have to work actively on becoming economically, socially and ecologically sustainable.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
According to an ILO study (International Labor Organization (ILO) (2002). “Women and Men of the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture.” Geneva.), the informal sector provides 51 % of employment in Latin America, 65 % in Asia and 72 % in Sub-Saharan Africa. The informal sector has grown rather than decreased since the study has been carried out.
- 2.
Ignoring highly advanced tele-presence and robotics settings as technologically not relevant in the maker movement.
- 3.
(CC-BY, CC-BY-SA, CC0, or GPL).
References
Achterhuis, H. (2010). De Utopie van de Vrije Markt. Rotterdam: Lemniscaat.
Atkinson, P. (2011). Orchestral manoeuvres in design. In B. V. Abel, L. Evers, R. Klaassen, & P. Troxler (Eds.), Open design now. Why design cannot remain exclusive (pp. 24–31). Amsterdam: BIS.
Bergmann, F., & Schumacher, S. (2004). Neue Arbeit, neue Kultur. Freiamt: Arbor Verlag.
Bottollier-Depois, F., Dalle, B., Eychenne, F., Jacquelin, A., Kaplan, D., Nelson, J., & Routin, V. (2014). Etat des lieux et typologie des ateliers de fabrication numérique. Rapport de recherche. Paris: Fing.
Bucheley, L. (2013). Thinking about Making. Keynote at FabLearn 2013, Stanford, CA. Retrieved May 31, 2013, from http://edstream.stanford.edu/Video/Play/883b61dd951d4d3f90abeec65eead2911d.
CBA (2012). Fab Charter. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://fab.cba.mit.edu/about/charter/.
DeBruin, E. (2011). RepRap. The viability of open design. In B.V. Abel, L. Evers, R. Klaassen, & P. Troxler (Eds.), Open design now. Why design cannot remain exclusive (pp. 232–233). Amsterdam: BIS.
Delbosc, I. (2014). How can the puzzle of the Fab Lab business model be solved? Master thesis. Paris: ESCP Europe.
Dyvik, J. (2013). Making Living Sharing—a FabLab world tour documentary. Video. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNr1yBIgQCY.
FabFoundation (2015). The Funds. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://www.fabfoundation.org/fab-labs/setting-up-a-fab-lab/the-funds/.
FabFoundation (2016). Setting up a Fab Lab. Retrieved March 23, 2016, from http://www.fabfoundation.org/fab-labs/setting-up-a-fab-lab/.
FabLab Maastricht (2015). Research in 3D food printing. Blog. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://www.fablabmaastricht.nl/en/research-3d-food-printing.
Fuller, R. B. (1968). Operating manual for spaceship Earth. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Gartner (2014). Gartner’s 2014 Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies Maps the Journey to Digital Business. Press Release. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2819918.
Gershenfeld, N. (2005). FAB: The coming revolution on your desktop—from personal computers to personal fabrication. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Gershenfeld, N. (2006). Unleash your creativity in a Fab Lab. TED talk. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://www.ted.com/talks/neil_gershenfeld_on_fab_labs.
Guggiari, L. (2014). Open knowledge sharing and co-creation: Earning a living from a co-created idea. Bachelor thesis. Lucerne: Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts.
Harrop, J. (2015). Who buys consumer-level 3D printers? Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://www.idtechex.com/research/articles/who-buys-consumer-level-3d-printers-00007519.asp.
Hatch, M. (2013). The maker movement manifesto: Rules for innovation in the new world of crafters, hackers, and tinkerers. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hielscher, S., Smith, A., & Fressoli, M. (2015). WP4 case study report: FabLabs, report for the TRANSIT FP7 project. Brighton: University of Sussex. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from https://grassrootsinnovations.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/fab-labs-final.pdf.
Hug, C. (2013). State of Makerspaces Survey Results. Presentation at Fab10, Barcelona. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://www.slideshare.net/TheMakersNation/fab10-state-of-makerspaces-survey-results-the-makers-nation.
Karlin Associates. (2012). Maker market study and media report. San Francisco: Maker Media.
Kohtala, C. (2016). Making Sustainability. How Fab Labs Address Environmental Issues. Doctoral Dissertation 29/2016, Aalto University. Helsinki: Aalto ARTS Books. Retrieved March 24, 2016, from https://shop.aalto.fi/media/attachments/f8dd3/Kohtala.pdf.
Kohtala, C. & Bosqué, C. (2014). The Story of MIT-Fablab Norway: Community Embedding of Peer Production. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://peerproduction.net/issues/issue-5-shared-machine-shops/peer-reviewed-articles/the-story-of-mit-fablab-norway-community-embedding-of-peer-production/.
Linksvayer, M. (2006). Metrics/License statistics. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from https://wiki.creativecommons.org/License_statistics.
Linksvayer, M. (2010). Creative Commons licenses on Flickr: Many more images, slightly more freedom. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/20870.
Maxigas (2012). Hacklabs and hackerspaces: Tracing two genealogies. Journal of Peer Production, 2. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://peerproduction.net/issues/issue-2/peer-reviewed-papers/hacklabs-and-hackerspaces/.
McKay, G. (1998). DiY Cultures: notes towards and intro. In: McKay, G. (Ed.). DiY Culture: Party & Protest in Nineties Britain (pp. 1–53). London: Verso.
Moilanen, J. (2013). Thingiverse Chartered. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://ossoil.com/thingiverse/#overview-in-numbers.
Neves, H. (2013). FAB Teletransportation. Blog post. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://heloisaneves.com/2013/03/12/fab-teletransportation/.
Not Impossible Labs (2013). Project Daniel: Not Impossible. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://www.notimpossiblelabs.com/#!project-daniel/c1imu.
O’Duinn, F. (2012). Tinkers: Maker culture for Librarians. Paper presented at the Computers in Libraries Conference in Washington D.C., United States.
Papanek, V. (1971). Design for the real world: Human ecology and social change. New York: Pantheon Books.
Pekkola, K., Hirscher, A.-L., Fuad-Luke, A. (2013). Open Source Creation. Making Open Design. A Business Reality. A Mini-Handbook. Working Paper, Aalto ARTS, Helsinki.
Pettis, B. (2011). Made in my backyard. In B. V. Abel, L. Evers, R. Klaassen, & P. Troxler (Eds.), Open design now. Why design cannot remain exclusive (pp. 74–83). Amsterdam: BIS.
Schaub, A., Herst, D., Surya, T., & Agrivina, I. (2011). Fifty dollar leg prosthesis. Intercontinental collaboration on prosthetic design. In B. V.Abel, L. Evers, R. Klaassen, & P. Troxler (Eds.), Open design now. Why design cannot remain exclusive (pp. 218–219). Amsterdam: BIS.
Schultz, M. M. (2012). 3D-Printed ‘Magic Arms’ Let Emma Play and Hug. Blog post. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://blog.stratasys.com/2012/07/31/3d-printed-magic-arms-let-emma-play-and-hug/.
Schumacher, E. F. (1973). Small is beautiful. A study of economics as if people mattered. New York: HarperPerennial.
Smith, A. (2014). Technology networks for socially useful production. Journal of Peer Production, 5. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://peerproduction.net/issues/issue-5-shared-machine-shops/peer-reviewed-articles/technology-networks-for-socially-useful-production/.
Troxler, P. (2011). Libraries of the peer production era. In B. V. Abel, L. Evers, R. Klaassen, & P. Troxler (Eds.), Open design now. Why design cannot remain exclusive (pp. 86–95). Amsterdam: BIS.
Troxler, P. (2014). Fab Labs Forked: A Grassroots Insurgency inside the Next Industrial Revolution. Journal of Peer Production, 5. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from Fab Labs Forked: A Grassroots Insurgency inside the Next Industrial Revolution.
UHasselt (2012). World première UHasselt: first 3D-printed lower jaw implant. Press release. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://www.uhasselt.be/UH/Tijdschriften/ToonPersmededeling.html?i=482.
Ulrich, A. (2015). Schiessresultaten von Pistolen aus dem 3D Drucker: Spielwaren oder Waffen. Presentation at Defence Technology Workshop, DEFTECH, Thun, 11 Feb 2015.
UMC Utrecht (2014). 3D-printed Skull Implanted in Patient. Press release. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://www.umcutrecht.nl/en/Research/News/3D-printed-skull-implanted-in-patient.
Wolf, P. & Troxler, P. (2015a). Look who’s acting! Applying Actor Network Theory for studying knowledge sharing in a co-design project. International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation (July-September 2015), 7(3), 16–33.
Wolf, P. & Troxler, P. (2015b). Business models in open design—an enigma in management research. In 16th CINet Conference, 13–15 Sep 2015, Stockholm.
Wolf, P., Troxler, P., Kocher, P.-Y., Harboe, J. & Gaudenz, U. (2014). Sharing is sparing: Open knowledge sharing in Fab Labs. Journal of Peer Production, 5. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://peerproduction.net/issues/issue-5-shared-machine-shops/peer-reviewed-articles/sharing-is-sparing-open-knowledge-sharing-in-fab-labs/.
Zijp, H. (2010). The Grassroots FabLab Instructable. Or how to set up a FabLab in 7 days with 4 people and about €5000. Amersfoort: FabLab. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from http://www.fablabamersfoort.nl/downloads/fablab-instructable.pdf.
3D Hubs (2015). 3D Printer Guide. Retrieved May 31, 2015, from https://www.3dhubs.com/best-3d-printer-guide.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Troxler, P. (2016). Fabrication Laboratories (Fab Labs). In: Ferdinand, JP., Petschow, U., Dickel, S. (eds) The Decentralized and Networked Future of Value Creation. Progress in IS. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31686-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31686-4_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31684-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31686-4
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)