Abstract
Cluj polynomial, developed in 2009–2010 in Cluj, Romania, counts the vertex proximities in a connected graph. Definitions and relations with other polynomials and topological indices are given. Within this chapter, Cluj and related polynomials are computed in several 3D nanostructures and crystal networks and analytical formulas as well as examples are given.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Adachi M, Murata Y, Okada I, Yoshikawa S (2003) Formation of Titania Nanotubes and Applications for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J Electrochem Soc 150:488–493
Alipour MA, Ashrafi AR (2009) A numerical method for computing the Wiener index of one-heptagonal carbon nanocone. J Comput Theor Nanosci 6:1204–1207
Ashrafi AR, Ghorbani M, Jalali M (2008) The vertex PI and Szeged indices of an infinite family of fullerenes. J Theor Comput Chem 7:221–231
Diudea MV (1997a) Cluj matrix CJu: source of various graph descriptors. MATCH Commun Math Comput Chem 35:169–183
Diudea MV (1997b) Cluj matrix invariants. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 37:300–305
Diudea MV (1999) Valencies of property. Croat Chem Acta 72:835–851
Diudea MV (ed) (2005) Nanostructures, Novel Architecture. Nova, New York
Diudea MV (2009) Cluj polynomials. J Math Chem 45:295–308
Diudea MV (2010a) Counting polynomials in partial cubes. In: Gutman I, Furtula B (eds) Novel molecular structure descriptors-theory and applications I. Univ Kragujevac, Kragujevac, pp 191–215
Diudea MV (2010b) Counting polynomials and related indices by edge cutting procedures. In: Gutman I, Furtula B (eds) Novel molecular structure descriptors-theory and applications II. Univ Kragujevac, Kragujevac, pp 57–78
Diudea MV, Katona G (1999) Molecular topology of dendrimers, in: G A Newkome Ed. Adv Dendritic Macromol 4:135–201
Diudea MV, Klavžar S (2010) Omega polynomial revisited. Acta Chem Sloven 57:565–570
Diudea MV, Nagy CL (2007) Periodic Nanostructures. Springer, Dordrecht
Diudea MV, Ursu O (2003) Layer matrices and distance property descriptors. Indian J Chem 42A:1283–1294
Diudea MV, Parv B, Gutman I (1997) Detour-Cluj matrix and derived invariants. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 37:1101–1108
Diudea MV, Gutman I, Jäntschi L (2002) Molecular Topology. Nova, New York
Diudea MV, Florescu MS, Khadikar PV (2006) Molecular Topology and Its Applications. Eficon, Bucharest
Diudea MV, Vizitiu AE, Janežič D (2007) Cluj and related polynomials applied in correlating studies. J Chem Inf Model 47:864–874
Diudea MV, Cigher S, John PE (2008) Omega and related counting polynomials. MATCH Commun Math Comput Chem 60:237–250
Diudea MV, Ilić A, Ghorbani M, Ashrafi AR (2010a) Cluj and PIv polynomials. Croat Chem Acta 83:283–289
Diudea MV, Dorosti N, Iranmanesh A (2010b) Cluj CJ polynomial and indices in a dendritic molecular graph. Carpath J Math 4:247–253
Dorosti N, Iranmanesh A, Diudea MV (2009) Computing the Cluj index of dendrimer nanostars. MATCH Commun Math Comput Chem 62:389–395
Du GH, Chen Q, Che RC, Yuan ZY, Peng LM (2001) Preparation and Structure Analysis of Titanium Oxide Nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 79:3702–3704
Ebbesen TW (1998) Cones and tubes: geometry in the chemistry of carbon. Acc Chem Res 31:558–566
Enyashin AN, Seifert G (2005) Structure stability and electronic properties of TiO2 nanostructures. Phys Stat Sol 242:1361–1370
Gong D, Grimes CA, Varghese OK, Hu W, Singh RS, Chen Z, Dickey EC (2001) Titanium oxide nanotube arrays prepared by anodic oxidation. J Mater Res 16:3331–3334
Grimes CA, Ong KG, Varghese OK, Yang X, Mor G, Paulose M, Dickey EC, Ruan C, Pishko MV, Kendig JW, Mason AJ (2003) A Sentinel Sensor Network for Hydrogen Sensing. Sensors 3:69–82
Gutman I (1994) A formula for the Wiener number of trees and its extension to graphs containing cycles. Graph Theory Notes NY 27:9–15
Gutman I, Klavžar S (1995) An algorithm for the calculation of the Szeged index of benzenoid hydrocarbons. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 35:1011–1014
Harary F (1969) Graph theory. Addison-Wesley, Reading
Hecht S, Frechet JMJ (2001) Dendritic encapsulation of function: applying nature’s site isolation principle from biomimetics to materials science. Angew Chem Int Ed 40:74–91
Hoyer P (1996) Formation of a titanium dioxide nanotube array. Langmuir 12:1411–1413
Ilić A (2010) On the extremal graphs with respect to the vertex PI index. Appl Math Lett 23:1213–1217
Imai H, Takei Y, Shimizu K, Matsuda M, Hirashima H (1999) Direct preparation of anatase TiO2 nanotubes in porous alumina membranes. J Mater Chem 9:2971–2972
Imai H, Matsuta M, Shimizu K, Hirashima N, Negishi N (2002) Morphology transcription with TiO2 using chemical solution growth and its application for photocatalysts. Solid State Ion 151:183–187
Ivanovskaya VV, Enyashin AN, Ivanovskii AL (2003) Electronic structure of single-walled TiO2 and VO2 nanotubes. Mendeleev Comm 13:5–7
Ivanovskaya VV, Enyashin AN, Ivanovskii AL (2004) Nanotubes and fullerene-like molecules based on TiO2 and ZrS2: Electronic structure and chemical bond Russ. J Inorg Chem 49:244–251
Kasuga T, Hiramatsu M, Hoson A, Sekino T, Niihara K (1998) Formation of titanium oxide nanotube. Langmuir 14:3160–3163
Kasuga T, Hiramatsu M, Hoson A, Sekino T, Niihara K (1999) Titania nanotubes prepared by chemical processing. Adv Mater 11:1307–1311
Khadikar PV (2000) On a novel structural descriptor PI. Nat Acad Sci Lett 23:113–118
Khalifeh MH, Yousefi-Azari H, Ashrafi AR (2008a) Vertex and edge PI indices of Cartesian product graphs. Discret Appl Math 156:1780–1789
Khalifeh MH, Yousefi-Azari H, Ashrafi AR (2008b) A matrix method for computing Szeged and vertex PI indices of join and composition of graphs. Linear Algebra Appl 429:2702–2709
Klavžar S (2008) A brid’s eye view of the cut method and a survey of its applications in chemical graph theory. MATCH Commun Math Comput Chem 60:255–274
Kobayashi S, Hanabusa K, Hamasaki N, Kimura M, Shirai H (2000) Preparation of TiO2 hollow-fibers using supramolecular assemblies. Chem Mater 12:1523–1525
Krishnan A, Dujardin E, Treacy MMJ, Hugdahl J, Lynum S, Ebbesen TW (1997) Graphitic cones and the nucleation of curved carbon surfaces. Nature 388:451–454
Lakshmi BB, Dorhout PK, Martin CR (1997) Sol–gel template synthesis of semiconductor nanostructures. Chem Mater 9:857–872
Li XH, Liu WM, Li HL (2003) Template synthesis of well-aligned titanium dioxide nanotubes. Appl Phys A 80:317–320
Lin CH, Chien SH, Chao JH, Sheu CY, Cheng YC, Huang YJ, Tsai CH (2002) The synthesis of sulfated titanium oxide nanotubes. Catal Lett 80:153–159
Liu SM, Gan LM, Liu LH, Zhang WD, Zeng HC (2002) Synthesis of single-crystalline TiO2 nanotubes. Chem Mater 14:1391–1397
Mansour T, Schork M (2009) The vertex PI index and Szeged index of bridge graphs. Discr Appl Math 157:1600–1606
Mor GK, Varghese OK, Paulose M, Mukherjee N, Grimes CA (2003) Fabrication of tapered, conical-shaped titania nanotubes. J Mater Res 18:2588–2593
Mor GK, Carvalho MA, Varghese OK, Pishko MV, Grimes CA (2004) A room − temperature TiO2 − nanotube hydrogen sensor able to self-clean photoactively from environmental contamination. J Mater Res 19:628–634
Patzke GR, Krumeich F, Nesper R (2002) Oxidic nanotubes and nanorods − anisotropic modules for a future nanotechnology. Angew Chem Int Ed 41:2446–2461
Peng T, Yang H, Chang G, Dai K, Hirao K (2004) Synthesis of bamboo-shaped TiO2 nanotubes in nanochannels of porous aluminum oxide membrane. Chem Lett 33:336–337
Rao CNR, Nath M (2003) Inorganic nanotubes. Dalton Trans 1:1–24
Seo DS, Lee JK, Kim H (2001) Preparation of nanotube − shaped TiO2 powder. J Cryst Growth 229:428–432
Shi YL, Zhang XG, Li HL (2002) Liquid phase deposition templates synthesis of nanostructures of anatase titania. Mater Sci Engin A 333:239–242
Sun J, Gao L, Zhang Q (2003) TiO2 tubes synthesized by using ammonium sulfate and carbon nanotubes as templates. J Mater Sci Lett 22:339–341
Tenne R (2002) Inorganic Nanotubes and Fullerene-Like Materials. Chem Eur J 8:5296–5304
Ursu O, Diudea MV (2005) TOPOCLUJ software program. Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj
Varghese OK, Gong D, Paulose M, Grimes CA, Dickey EC (2003a) Crystallization and high − temperature structural stability of titanium oxide nanotube arrays. J Mater Res 18:156–165
Varghese OK, Gong D, Paulose M, Ong KG, Dickey EC, Grimes CA (2003b) Extreme changes in the electrical resistance of titania nanotubes with hydrogen exposure. Adv Mater 15:624–627
Varghese OK, Gong D, Paulose M, Ong KG, Grimes CA (2003c) Hydrogen sensing using titania nanotubes. Sens Actuators B 93:338–344
Vizitiu AE, Diudea MV (2006) Conetori of high genera. Studia Univ Babes-Bolyai 51(1):39–48
Vizitiu AE, Diudea MV (2008) Omega and Theta polynomials in conical nanostructures. MATCH Commun Math Comput Chem 60:927–933
Vizitiu AE, Diudea MV (2009) Cluj polynomial description of TiO2 nanostructures. Studia Univ Babes Bolyai 54(1):173–180
Wang YQ, Hu GQ, Duan XF, Sun HL, Xue QK (2002) Microstructure and formation mechanism of titanium dioxide nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 365:427–431
Wang W, Varghese OK, Paulose M, Grimes CA (2003) Synthesis of CuO and Cu2O crystalline nanowires using Cu(OH)2 nanowire templates. J Mater Res 18:2756–2759
Wiener H (1947) Structural determination of paraffin boiling points. J Am Chem Soc 69:17–20
Yao BD, Chan YF, Zhang XY, Zhang WF, Yang ZY, Wang N (2003) Formation mechanism of TiO2 nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 82:281–283
Zhang S, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Du Z, Vorontsov AV, Jin Z (2000) Morphological structure and physicochemical properties of nanotube TiO2. Chin Sci Bull 45:1533–1536
Zhang M, Bando Y, Wada K (2001) Sol–gel template preparation of TiO2 nanotubes and nanorods. J Mater Sci Lett 20:167–170
Zhou Y, Li H, Koltypin Y, Hacohen YR, Gedanken A (2001) Sonochemical synthesis of titania whiskers and nanotubes. Chem Commun 24:2616–2617
Zhou Y, Cao L, Zhang F, He B, Li H (2003) Lithium insertion into TiO2 nanotube prepared by the hydrothermal process. J Electrochem Soc 150A:1246–1249
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Diudea, M.V., Saheli, M. (2016). Cluj Polynomial in Nanostructures. In: Ashrafi, A., Diudea, M. (eds) Distance, Symmetry, and Topology in Carbon Nanomaterials. Carbon Materials: Chemistry and Physics, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31584-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31584-3_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31582-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31584-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)