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The Language Application Grid

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Book cover Worldwide Language Service Infrastructure (WLSI 2015)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 9442))

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Abstract

The Language Application (LAPPS) Grid project is establishing a framework that enables language service discovery, composition, and reuse and promotes sustainability, manageability, usability, and interoperability of natural language Processing (NLP) components. It is based on the service-oriented architecture (SOA), a more recent, web-oriented version of the “pipeline” architecture that has long been used in NLP for sequencing loosely-coupled linguistic analyses. The LAPPS Grid provides access to basic NLP processing tools and resources and enables pipelining such tools to create custom NLP applications, as well as composite services such as question answering and machine translation together with language resources such as mono- and multi-lingual corpora and lexicons that support NLP. The transformative aspect of the LAPPS Grid is that it orchestrates access to and deployment of language resources and processing functions available from servers around the globe and enables users to add their own language resources, services, and even service grids to satisfy their particular needs.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    E.g., in the NSF-funded Sustainable Interoperability for Language Technology (SILT) project (NSF-INTEROP 0753069) [12], the EU-funded Fostering Language Resources Network (FLaReNet) project [1], the International Standards Organization (ISO) committee for Language Resource Management (ISO TC37 SC4), and parallel efforts in Asia and Australia, together with the LAPPS project and international collaborators.

  2. 2.

    E.g., SILT [12], FLaReNet [1], ISO TC37 SC4, etc.

  3. 3.

    http://json-ld.org.

  4. 4.

    http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-404.pdf.

  5. 5.

    http://www.json.org and http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt.

  6. 6.

    The Common Analysis Structure (CAS) is the internal format for exchange among modules in the UIMA framework.

  7. 7.

    http://www.isocat.org.

  8. 8.

    http://linguistics-ontology.org.

  9. 9.

    http://dublincore.org.

  10. 10.

    http://nachhalt.sfb632.uni-potsdam.de/owl/.

  11. 11.

    https://openskos.meertens.knaw.nl/ccr/browser/.

  12. 12.

    http://www.isocat.org.

  13. 13.

    See Ide et al., “The Language Application Grid Web Service Exchange Vocabulary”, in this volume.

  14. 14.

    The survey of basic linguistic objects was undertaken within a Working Group of ISO TC37 SC4. A working draft and an inventory of type systems are available at http://vocab.lappsgrid.org/EV/ev-draft.pdf and http://vocab.lappsgrid.org/EV/materials/.

  15. 15.

    http://vocab.lappsgrid.org/.

  16. 16.

    http://galaxyproject.org.

  17. 17.

    Distributed under the terms of permissive Academic Free License; http://getgalaxy.org.

  18. 18.

    http://galaxy.lappsgrid.org.

  19. 19.

    https://toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu.

  20. 20.

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.

  21. 21.

    http://oauth.net.

  22. 22.

    E.g., http://nlpers.blogspot.com/2006/11/reproducible-results.html.

  23. 23.

    E.g., Replicability and Reusability in Natural Language Processing: from Data to Software Sharing: http://nl.ijs.si/rrnlp2015/.

  24. 24.

    https://lucene.apache.org/solr/.

  25. 25.

    E.g., Web Services for Effective NLP Application Development and Evaluation: Using and Contributing to the Language Application (LAPPS) Grid, offered at LREC 2014.

  26. 26.

    ISO/TC 37/SC4, Language Resources Management, http://www.tc37sc4.org.

  27. 27.

    http://langrid.servicegrid-bangkok.org/en/overview.php.

  28. 28.

    http://langrid.portal.cs.ui.ac.id/langrid/.

  29. 29.

    Under development.

  30. 30.

    http://www.linguagrid.org/.

  31. 31.

    Funding for the LAPPS Grid involvement in the federation has awarded as a supplement to the NSF SI\(^2\) grants ACI-1147912 and ACI-1147944.

  32. 32.

    http://www.meta-net.eu/.

  33. 33.

    http://eudat.eu/communities/clarin-common-language-resources-and-technology-infrastructure.

  34. 34.

    http://www.kyoto-project.eu/.

  35. 35.

    http://www.globalwordnet.org/gwa/gwa_grid.html.

  36. 36.

    http://u-compare.org/.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants NSF-ACI 1147944 and NSF-ACI 1147912.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA

    Nancy Ide & Keith Suderman

  2. Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA

    James Pustejovsky, Chunqi Shi & Marc Verhagen

  3. Linguistic Data Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Christopher Cieri, Denise DiPersio & Jonathan Wright

  4. Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Eric Nyberg & Di Wang

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  1. Nancy Ide
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  2. James Pustejovsky
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Correspondence to Nancy Ide .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Design, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Yohei Murakami

  2. Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Donghui Lin

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Ide, N. et al. (2016). The Language Application Grid. In: Murakami, Y., Lin, D. (eds) Worldwide Language Service Infrastructure. WLSI 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9442. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31468-6_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31468-6_4

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