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Truffle-Inhabiting Fungi

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True Truffle (Tuber spp.) in the World

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 47))

Abstract

The fruiting bodies of truffles are a microhabitat for the growth of bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and viruses, which all together represent its “microbiome”. In this review, the mycological component of filamentous fungi and yeasts is examined, and a checklist of these fungi, defined here as truffle-inhabiting fungi (TIF), is provided. The role of these fungi and their effects on the truffle biology (e.g., production of volatile organic compounds and effects on mycorrhizal synthesis) and ecology are examined. The problem of methodology for their detection is also discussed. The traditional technique of isolation in culture makes it possible to highlight a very small percentage of the biodiversity of TIF, since the qPCR has allowed detection of the simultaneous presence of several species of TIF within the gleba. The approach with mass sequencing methods, apart from some tests with DGGE, has not for the moment been used since this concerns obtaining sequences of fungi inside a fungus (truffle) whose copies of DNA are represented at least one million times more compared to those of TIF.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Anna Maria Ragnelli and Pierpaolo Aimola for the microscopic images, Osvaldo Zarivi for the “real-time” qPCR analysis, Samantha Reale for the analysis of VOCs from co-cultures, and the former masters students Antonella Pompa and Michela Marcellitti, who could not complete their research on the effects of the TIF because of the devastating earthquake that struck the city of L’Aquila on April 6, 2009, respectively, for the formation of the ECM and the production of VOCs. Finally, we also have a debt of gratitude to Harry Eslick for useful information exchanges and Marta Lucia Pacioni for unpublished data on truffle DGGE.

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  1. Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, via Vetoio loc. Coppito, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy

    Giovanni Pacioni & Marco Leonardi

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  1. Giovanni Pacioni
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  2. Marco Leonardi
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Correspondence to Giovanni Pacioni .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Alessandra Zambonelli

  2. Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila , L’Aquila , Italy

    Mirco Iotti

  3. Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes Lab of Excellence ARBRE, INRA, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, France

    Claude Murat

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Pacioni, G., Leonardi, M. (2016). Truffle-Inhabiting Fungi. In: Zambonelli, A., Iotti, M., Murat, C. (eds) True Truffle (Tuber spp.) in the World. Soil Biology, vol 47. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5_17

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