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Influence of Climate on Natural Distribution of Tuber Species and Truffle Production

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True Truffle (Tuber spp.) in the World

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 47))

Abstract

In this chapter, the past migrations of the genus Tuber are first analysed. Then the current natural distribution of the main commercialised species related to current climatic characteristics is described. Very little data exists concerning the relationship between ascoma production and climatic conditions in natural forests or plantations. An analysis of two French Tuber melanosporum wholesale markets from 1988–1989 to 2012–2013 revealed that the main factor explaining the annual variations was the cumulative late spring and summer water balance. The second factor explaining sales variations in one of the wholesale market was the number of freezing days with minimum temperatures equal to or less than −5 °C. Simulation of the sales from 1965 to 1966 showed that potential truffle sales would have been stable in France these past 48 years despite a degradation of the summer water balance, compensated in part by reducing the number of freezing days. For the twenty-first century, almost all scenarios in Europe predict a trend towards warming, ranging from 2° to 4 °C, and decreased rainfall in the Mediterranean region. In plantations, it would be necessary to implement all techniques that allow for improved summer water balance (irrigation, mulching, soil tilling, host pruning). A challenge for the next decades to come will be to provide truffle growers with best practice management guidelines based on established water balance models of truffle orchards. Another possible way to counteract global warming could be to move the truffle plantations further north or to higher altitudes.

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Acknowledgements

A part of this work was supported by a grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the “Investissements d’Avenir” programme (ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE). We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their interest in our work and for their comments or suggestions, which allowed us to greatly improve the first version of this chapter. We are thankful to Aimee Orsini for having corrected the English of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, UMR 1136, Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Laboratoire d’excellence ARBRE, 54280, Champenoux Cedex, France

    François Le Tacon

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  1. François Le Tacon
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Correspondence to François Le Tacon .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Alessandra Zambonelli

  2. Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila , L’Aquila , Italy

    Mirco Iotti

  3. Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes Lab of Excellence ARBRE, INRA, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, France

    Claude Murat

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Le Tacon, F. (2016). Influence of Climate on Natural Distribution of Tuber Species and Truffle Production. In: Zambonelli, A., Iotti, M., Murat, C. (eds) True Truffle (Tuber spp.) in the World. Soil Biology, vol 47. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5_10

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