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Supramolecular Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nanomaterials Based on Metalloporphyrins and Phthalocyanines

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Electrochemistry of N4 Macrocyclic Metal Complexes

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Abstract

Metalloporphyrins and phthalocyanines have remarkable electrocatalytic properties, generally associated with the ring coordinated transition metal ion, which can be further improved based on supramolecular approach, by combination with suitable molecular ancillary groups. Among the possibilities, transition metal complexes such as ferrocene and ruthenium polypyridine complexes, as well as bisthiophene, dendrimers, and other macrocycles. For example, the electrochemical and photoinduced electron transfer properties of metalloporphyrin-dendrimer based systems (metalloporphyrin in dendrimer core, branches or periphery) are affected by dendrimer structure. The dendrimers at higher generations are globular structures providing many possibilities to arrange electroactive groups in different microenvironments giving rise to new properties and functionalities. Phenylazomethine dendrimers with a cobalt porphyrin core was applied for catalytic CO2 reduction in the presence of Lewis acid at relatively low overpotentials, due to the synergetic effect of the assembled metal ions and the porphyrin core involving a multielectron transfer process. That strategy has been extended by associating them with nanoparticles opening broad new perspectives in porphyrin and phthalocyanine chemistry. In fact, the combination with carbon, metals, sulfides, and oxides-based nanoparticles, as well as lamellar materials, is generating a whole new series of hybrid organic/inorganic nanomaterials with enhanced electrochemical, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic properties. For example, porphyrin nanocomposites with lamellar materials such as vanadium pentoxide xerogels were explored as chemical vapor sensors. Ethinyl metalloporphyrin derivatives have been anchored to carbon nanotubes by electropolymerization, and the hybrid nanomaterial was shown to exhibit enhanced electroanalytic activity for tetraelectronic reduction of dioxygen. The electropolymerization of meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinate manganese(III) in the presence of minute amounts of AgCl in alkaline solution was performed generating nanoflakes of MnTPPS decorated with MnO2 and silver nanoparticles, showing high electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity in hydrazine amperometric sensors. Also, porphyrins have been bond to carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, graphene and graphene oxide, as well as fullerenes, generating interesting material for electrochemical and light-harvesting devices. The previous account (2006) was focused on the electrochemical modulation of electrocatalytic, as well as interaction and conduction properties, by electronic effects induced by ancillary groups, more specifically transition metal complexes. Now, a clear tendency of incorporating porphyrins and other macrocycles in nanosystems generating hybrid organic/inorganic nanomaterials is observed, widening the scope and perspectives in the porphyrin and phthalocyanine chemistry, as well as their electrochemical applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil

    Tiago Araujo Matias, Gianluca Camillo Azzellini, Lúcio Angnes & Koiti Araki

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  1. Tiago Araujo Matias
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  2. Gianluca Camillo Azzellini
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  3. Lúcio Angnes
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  4. Koiti Araki
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Correspondence to Koiti Araki .

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  1. Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Jose H. Zagal

  2. CNRS-Chimie ParisTech, Paris, France

    Fethi Bedioui

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Matias, T.A., Azzellini, G.C., Angnes, L., Araki, K. (2016). Supramolecular Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nanomaterials Based on Metalloporphyrins and Phthalocyanines. In: Zagal, J., Bedioui, F. (eds) Electrochemistry of N4 Macrocyclic Metal Complexes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31332-0_1

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