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Advances and Challenges in Parametric and Semi-parametric Analysis for Correlated Data pp 75–96Cite as

Zero-Inflated Spatial Models: Application and Interpretation

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Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Statistics ((LNSP,volume 218))

Abstract

Many environmental applications, such as species abundance studies, rainfall monitoring or tornado count reports, yield data with a preponderance of zero counts. Although standard statistical distributions may not fit these data, a large body of literature has been dedicated to methods for modeling zero-inflated data. One type of regression model for zero-inflated data is categorized as a mixture model. Mixture models postulate two types of zeros, represented using a latent variable, and model their probabilities separately. The latent classification of zeros may be of particular interest as it can provide important clues to physical characteristics associated with, for example, habitat suitability or resistance to disease or pest infestations. Different zero-inflated models can be developed depending on the biological and physical characteristics of the application at hand. Here, several zero-inflated spatial models are applied to a case study of spruce weevil (Pissodesstrobi) infestations in a Sitka spruce tree plantation. The data illustrate the unique features distinguished by various models and show the importance of using expert knowledge to inform model structures that in turn provide insight into underlying biological processes driving the probability of belonging to the zero, resistant, component. For instance, one model focuses on individually resistant trees located among infested trees. Another focuses on clusters of resistant trees which are likely located in unsuitable habitats. We apply six models: a standard generalized linear model (GLM); an overdispersion model; a random effects zero-inflated model; a conditional autoregressive random effects model (CAR); a multivariate CAR (MCAR) model; and a model developed using discrete random effects to accommodate spatial outliers. We discuss the distinct features identified by the zero-inflated spatial models and make recommendations regarding their application in general.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for research funding. We thank Erin Lundy and Alisha Albert-Green for their assistance with the literature review for this paper. We would also like to thank all those who have provided valuable feedback on this work: Giovani da Silva for his review and helpful comments, the ISS-2015 Symposium audience for their thoughtful questions, and the ISS reviewer and Proceedings editor for their useful comments and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6

    L. M. Ainsworth

  2. Department of Statistical and Actuarial Science, University of Western Ontario, Western Science Centre - Room 262, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7

    C. B. Dean

  3. SMRU Consulting Ltd., Suite 510, 1529 West 6th Ave., Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6J 1R1

    R. Joy

Authors
  1. L. M. Ainsworth
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  2. C. B. Dean
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  3. R. Joy
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. M. Ainsworth .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

    Brajendra C. Sutradhar

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Ainsworth, L.M., Dean, C.B., Joy, R. (2016). Zero-Inflated Spatial Models: Application and Interpretation. In: Sutradhar, B. (eds) Advances and Challenges in Parametric and Semi-parametric Analysis for Correlated Data. Lecture Notes in Statistics(), vol 218. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31260-6_3

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