Abstract
In this work “performance requirements” refers to obligations imposed by the host state on the investor to run its business in a certain manner. In the resource industry, this can include: expenditure requirements to make sure the investor actually undertakes mining activities and does not use the mining license for speculative purposes; requirements to hire local and/or Indigenous personnel; requirements to purchase local supplies for the realization of the mining project; and/or requirements to hire local businesses for services. This work will focus on performance requirements that directly or indirectly force a foreign investor to hire local/Indigenous personnel.
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- 1.
Dolzer and Schreuer (2008), p. 82.
- 2.
Sutherland (2012), p. 17.
- 3.
Suter (1997), p. 278.
- 4.
Coronado and Fallon (2010), p. 666.
- 5.
Australian Government Productivity Commission (2014).
- 6.
Validakis (2014).
- 7.
Australian Government-Department of Education (2014).
- 8.
Australian Government (2014).
- 9.
Government of Australia (2014).
- 10.
Ministerial Advisory Council on Skilled Immigration (2014), p. 2.
- 11.
Ministerial Advisory Council on Skilled Immigration (2014), p. 2.
- 12.
High Court of Australia, Mabo and Others v Queensland.
- 13.
Brereton and Parmenter (2008), p. 67.
- 14.
Brereton and Parmenter (2008), p. 67.
- 15.
Tiplady and Barclay (2007).
- 16.
Brereton and Parmenter (2008), p. 70.
- 17.
Brereton and Parmenter (2008), p. 70.
- 18.
Brereton and Parmenter (2008), p. 70.
- 19.
Brereton and Parmenter (2008), p. 70.
- 20.
Australian Government (2014).
- 21.
Langton (2014).
- 22.
McDonald (2014).
- 23.
Taylor (2013).
- 24.
A detailed account of the history and challenges of Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa can be found at: Ponte et al. (2007).
- 25.
Ramlall (2012), p. 285.
- 26.
South African History Online (2014).
- 27.
Smith (2010).
- 28.
Ramlall (2012), p. 274.
- 29.
Ramlall (2012), p. 274.
- 30.
Ramlall (2012), p. 274.
- 31.
Kloppers and du Plessis (2008), p. 98.
- 32.
Kloppers and du Plessis (2008), p. 99.
- 33.
Mostert (2012), p. 78.
- 34.
According to section 23(1) of the MRPDA 2002: “(…) the Minister must grant a mining right if—(…) the applicant has provided financially and otherwise for the prescribed social and labour plan”.
- 35.
Kloppers and du Plessis (2008), p. 107.
- 36.
Government of South Africa (2004), p. 1.
- 37.
Government of South Africa (2004), p. 2.
- 38.
Government of South Africa (2004), p. 4.
- 39.
Government of South Africa (2004), p. 4.
- 40.
Kloppers and du Plessis (2008), p. 108.
- 41.
According to section 3 of the Mining Charter 2010: “Non-Compliance with the provisions of the charter and the MRPDA shall render the mining company in breach of the MRPDA and subject to the provisions of section 47 read in conjunction with section 98 and 99 of the Act.”
- 42.
- 43.
Constitutional Court of South Africa, Fuel Retailers Association of Southern Africa v Director General Environmental Management.
- 44.
Fin 24 (2010).
- 45.
Ramlall (2012), p. 277.
- 46.
Ramlall (2012), p. 277.
- 47.
Department of Mineral Resources South Africa (2011), p. 18.
- 48.
Article 254 of the Mining Law 2001 states: “En los trabajos mineros y ambientales del concesionario de minas la autoridad minera, oídos los interesados, sefialara los porcentajes mínimos de trabajadores oriundos de la respectiva región y domiciliados en el área de influencia de los proyectos que deberán ser contratados. Periodicamente estos porcentajes seran revisables.”
[In the mining and environmental works of the mining concessionaire, once the interested parties have been heard, the mining authority will appoint the minimum percentages of workers originated from the respective region and domiciled in the area of influence of the projects that should be hired. Periodically, these percentages will be checked.]
- 49.
Regarding Indian or Afro-Colombian mining zones article 128 of the Mining Law 2001 states: “En caso de que personas ajenas a la comunidad o grupo indígena obtengan título para explorar y explotar dentro de las zonas mineras indígenas, (…), deberán vincular preferentemente a dicha comunidad o grupo, a sus trabajos y obras y capacitar a sus miembros (…).”
[Where people alien to the community or Indian group obtain a title in order to explore and exploit within the Indian mining zones, (…), they should be preferable be associated to such community or group, to its works and installations and [make sure] to train its members (…).]
- 50.
According to former article 74 of the Código substantive de trabajo [Labour Code] it was stated that: “Todo empleador que tenga a su servicio más de diez (10) trabajadores debe ocupar colombianos en proporción no inferior al noventa por ciento (90 %) del personal de trabajadores ordinarios y no menos del ochenta por ciento (80 %) del personal calificado o de especialistas o de dirección o confianza. Los trabajadores nacionales que desempeñen iguales funciones que los extranjeros, en una misma empresa o establecimiento, tienen derecho a exigir remuneración y condiciones iguales.”
[Any employer who employs more than ten (10) workers has to hire not less than ninety percent (90 %) of Colombian workers as staff and not less than eighty percent (80 %) of Colombian workers as qualified personnel and management. Domestic workers who perform the same duties as foreigners, in the same company or establishment, are entitled to equal pay and conditions.]
- 51.
Article 75 of the Código substantive de trabajo stated: “El Ministerio del Trabajo puede disminuir la proporción anterior: a) Cuando se trate de personal estrictamente técnico e indispensable, y sólo por el tiempo necesario para preparar personal colombiano; y b) Cuando se trate de inmigraciones promovidas o fomentadas por el gobierno. (…)”.
[The Ministry of Labour may decrease the previous ratio: a) In the case of strictly technical and indispensable personnel, and only for the time necessary to prepare Colombian personnel, and b) In the case of immigrant workers promoted or encouraged by the government. (…)].
- 52.
Gomez (2001), p. 42.
- 53.
Cárdenas et al. (2012), p. 185.
- 54.
Law Business Research Ltd (2014).
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Roeder, R.W. (2016). Performance Requirements. In: Foreign Mining Investment Law. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31217-0_7
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