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Translation of Heterogeneous Databases into RDF, and Application to the Construction of a SKOS Taxonomical Reference

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Web Information Systems and Technologies (WEBIST 2015)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing ((LNBIP,volume 246))

Abstract

While the data deluge accelerates, most of the data produced remains locked in deep Web databases. For the linked open data to benefit from the potential represented by this huge amount of data, it is crucial to come up with solutions to expose heterogeneous databases as linked data. The xR2RML mapping language is an endeavor towards this goal: it is designed to map various types of databases to RDF, by flexibly adapting to heterogeneous query languages and data models while remaining free from any specific language. It extends R2RML, the W3C recommendation for the mapping of relational databases to RDF, and relies on RML for the handling of various data formats.

In this paper we present xR2RML, we analyse data models of several modern databases as well as the format in which query results are returned, and we show how xR2RML translates any result data element into RDF, relying on existing languages such as XPath and JSONPath when necessary. We illustrate some features of xR2RML such as the generation of RDF collections and containers, and the ability to deal with mixed data formats. We also describe a real-world use case in which we applied xR2RML to build a SKOS thesaurus aimed at supporting studies on History of Zoology, Archaeozoology and Conservation Biology.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.w3.org/2013/data/.

  2. 2.

    http://linkeddata.org/.

  3. 3.

    http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/rdb2rdf/wiki/Implementations.

  4. 4.

    http://refine.deri.ie/.

  5. 5.

    http://jenit.github.io/linked-csv/.

  6. 6.

    http://www.w3.org/2013/csvw/wiki.

  7. 7.

    https://github.com/cygri/tarql/wiki/TARQL-Mapping-Language.

  8. 8.

    http://www.couchbase.com/communities/n1ql.

  9. 9.

    http://unql.sqlite.org/index.html.

  10. 10.

    http://docs.arangodb.org/Aql/README.html.

  11. 11.

    aka. column family store, column-oriented store, etc.

  12. 12.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/.

  13. 13.

    rml:query also subsumes rml:xmlQuery and rml:queryLanguage, although none of those properties are described or exemplified in the RML language specification and articles at the time of writing.

  14. 14.

    https://github.com/frmichel/morph-xr2rml/.

  15. 15.

    http://www.cepam.cnrs.fr/zoomathia/.

  16. 16.

    http://www.w3.org/2009/08/skos-reference/skos.html.

  17. 17.

    Changes were made since the description presented in [26].

  18. 18.

    http://www.ontobee.org/browser/index.php?o=NCBITaxon.

  19. 19.

    http://datahub.io/dataset/geospecies.

  20. 20.

    http://www.ontobee.org/browser/index.php?o=ENVO.

  21. 21.

    http://www.tdwg.org/.

  22. 22.

    http://json-schema.org/.

  23. 23.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, I3S (UMR 7271), Nice, France

    Franck Michel, Loïc Djimenou, Catherine Faron-Zucker & Johan Montagnat

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  1. Franck Michel
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  2. Loïc Djimenou
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  3. Catherine Faron-Zucker
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  4. Johan Montagnat
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Correspondence to Franck Michel .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Paris, Paris, France

    Valérie Monfort

  2. RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Karl-Heinz Krempels

  3. Department of Information Systems, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Vest-Agder Fylke, Norway

    Tim A. Majchrzak

  4. Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Žiga Turk

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Michel, F., Djimenou, L., Faron-Zucker, C., Montagnat, J. (2016). Translation of Heterogeneous Databases into RDF, and Application to the Construction of a SKOS Taxonomical Reference. In: Monfort, V., Krempels, KH., Majchrzak, T.A., Turk, Ž. (eds) Web Information Systems and Technologies. WEBIST 2015. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 246. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30996-5_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30996-5_14

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