Abstract
For two decades, in the production and accumulation of a growing social science literature, we seem to have witnessed a fundamental change in the ways of seeing government and decision-making under the burgeoning discussion of governance. In order to meet new policy challenges, new fragmented patterns of state-society relations, multi-information gathering, or even higher citizens’ expectations for better public services, public agencies have been given broader responsibilities when making decisions (Pierre and Peters 2000; Bevir et al. 2003a, b; Kooiman 2003; Rhodes 2007; Bevir 2009). They are no longer just asked to follow instructions passed down through traditional vertical levels. Instead, they are expected to undertake a more important external role in order to seek more effective policy outcomes, and so-called stakeholder engagement is regarded as key to promoting various types of public sector performance in a number of industrialised states (Rhodes 1997; Kjaer 2004; Bevir 2010). In the fields of energy, environment, and even in public affairs, it seems to be the case that conceptual changes in perceiving government’s role in providing public services proliferate, while, in the meantime, the concept of governance has become more and more dominant in the contemporary world. However, heterogeneous and ambiguous definitions, and the struggle over practice in the real world, are causing numerous academic debates. In this chapter, I will start conducting an investigation into the connotations of governance, from the broad concept to a discussion of the relations of governance in eco-politics for energy, so as to explore theoretical and practical controversies. The structure of the chapter is as follows. First, I will discuss the definition of governance. Then I will move into the literature of eco-politics, examining notions of sustainability with the changing relationship between participation and inclusiveness introduced before and after the Brundtland Report. I will also discuss the challenges that governance orthodoxy has encountered in real world settings.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsBibliography
Bäckstrand, K. (2004). Scientisation vs. civic expertise in environmental governance: Eco-feminist, eco-modern and post-modern responses. Environmental Politics, 13(4), 695–714.
Bäckstrand, K., & Lövbrand, E. (2006). Planting trees to mitigate climate change: Contested discourses of ecological modernization, green governmentality and civic environmentalism. Global Environmental Politics, 6(1), 50–75.
Baker, S. (2007). Sustainable development as symbolic commitment: Declaratory politics and the seductive appeal of ecological modernisation in the European Union. Environmental Politics, 16(2), 297–317.
Baker, S. (2014). Governance. In C. Death (Ed.), Critical environmental politics (pp. 100–110). London: Routledge.
Baker, S., & McCormick, J. (2004). Sustainable development: Comparative understandings and responses. In N. J. Vig & M. G. Faure (Eds.), Green giants?: Environmental policies of the United States and the European Union (pp. 277–302). Cambridge: MIT Press.
Baker, S. (2005). Sustainable development (New ed.). Routledge.
Bell, S., & Hindmoor, A. (2009). Rethinking governance: The centrality of the state in modern society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bevir, M. (2009). Key concepts in governance. London: Sage.
Bevir, M. (2010). Democratic governance. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Bevir, M., Rhodes, R. A. W., & Weller, P. (2003a). Traditions of governance: Interpreting the changing role of the public sector. Public Administration, 81(1), 1–17.
Bevir, M., Rhodes, R. A. W., & Weller, P. (2003b). Comparative governance: Prospects and lessons. Public Administration, 81(1), 191–210.
Biermann, F., Abbott, K., Andresen, S., Bäckstrand, K., Bernstein, S., Betsill, M. M., et al. (2012). Navigating the Anthropocene: Improving earth system governance. Science, 335(6074), 1306–1307.
Blair, H. (2000). Participation and accountability at the periphery: Democratic local governance in six countries. World Development, 28(1), 21–39.
Blom-Hansen, J. (1997). A “new institutional” perspective on policy networks. Public Administration, 75(4), 669–693.
Blühdorn, I. (2014). Post-ecologist governmentality: Post-politics and the politics of unsustainability. In J. Wilson & E. Swyngegouw (Eds.), The post-political and its discontents (pp. 146–166). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Blühdorn, I. (2000a). Ecological modernization and post-ecologist politics. In G. Spaargaren, A. P. J. Mol, & F. H. Buttel (Eds.), Environment and global modernity (pp. 209–228). London: Sage.
Blühdorn, I. (2000b). Post-ecologist politics: Social theory and the abdication of the ecologist paradigm. London: Routledge.
Blühdorn, I. (2009a). The participatory revolution: New social movements and civil society. In K. Larres (Ed.), A companion to Europe since 1945 (pp. 407–431). London: Blackwell.
Blühdorn, I. (2011). The politics of unsustainability: COP15, post-ecologism, and the ecological paradox. Organization & Environment, 24(1), 34–53.
Blühdorn, I. (2013). The governance of unsustainability: Ecology and democracy after the post-democratic turn. Environmental Politics, 22(1), 16–36.
Blühdorn, I. (2014). Post-ecologist governmentality: Post-politics and the politics of unsustainability. In J. Wilson & E. Swyngegouw (Eds.), The post-political and its discontents (pp. 146–166). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Boden, T. A., Marland, G., & Andres, R. J. (2013). Global, regional and national fossil-fuel CO2 emissions. doi:10.3334/CDIAC/00001_V2010.
Brechin, S. R. (2003). Comparative public opinion and knowledge on global climatic change and the Kyoto Protocol: The US versus the rest of the World? International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 23(10), 106–134.
Breslin, S. (2013). China and the global political economy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Camilleri, J. A. (2012). Energy governance in the era of climate change. In L. Anceschi & J. Symons (Eds.), Energy security in the era of climate change: The Asia-Pacific experience (pp. 255–274). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Carter, N. (2007). The politics of the environment: Ideas, activism, policy. Cambridge University Press.
Cochrane, A. (2010). Exploring the regional politics of “sustainability”: Making up sustainable communities in the South-East of England. Environmental Policy & Governance, 20(6), 370–381.
Dauvergne, P. (2008). The shadows of consumption: Consequences for the global environment. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Dauvergne, P. (2010). The problem of consumption. Global Environmental Politics, 10(2), 1–10.
Dear, M. (1992). Understanding and overcoming the NIMBY syndrome. Journal of the American Planning Association, 58(3), 288–300.
Driessen, P. P. J., Dieperink, C., Laerhoven, F. V., Runhaar, H. A. C., & Vermeulen, W. J. V. (2012). Towards a conceptual framework for the study of shifts in modes of environmental governance – Experiences from the Netherlands. Environmental Policy and Governance, 22(3), 143–160.
Dobson, A. (2007). Green political thought (4th ed.). London: Routledge.
Dryzek, J. S. (2005). The politics of the earth: Environmental discourses (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dryzek, J. S., & Stevenson, H. (2011). Global democracy and earth system governance. Ecological Economics, 70(11), 1865–1874.
Eckersley, R. (1992). Environmentalism and political theory: Toward an ecocentric approach. London: UCL Press.
Eden, L., & Hampson, F. O. (1997). Clubs are trumps: The formation of international regimes in the absence of a hegemon. In J. Hollingsworth & R. Boyer (Eds.), Contemporary capitalism: The embeddedness of institutions (pp. 361–394). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Elliott, D. (2007). A sustainable future for energy? In D. Elliott (Ed.), Sustainable energy (pp. 261–278). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Elliott, D. (2003). Energy, society, and environment: Technology for a sustainable future (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
Elliott, D. (2012). Wind power: Opportunities, limits and challenges. In J. Szarka, C. Richard, E. Geraint, S. A. Peter, & W. Charles (Eds.), Learning from wind power: Governance, societal and policy perspectives on sustainable energy (pp. 17–37). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ellis, G., Cowell, R., Warren, C., Strachan, P., & Szarka, J. (2009a). Wind power: Is there a “planning problem”? Planning Theory and Practice, 10(4), 521–523.
Ellis, G., Cowell, R., Warren, C., Strachan, P., & Szarka, J. (2009b). Expanding wind power: A problem of planning, or of perception? Planning Theory and Practice, 10(4), 523–532.
EPA. (2013). Global greenhouse gas emissions data. [Online]. United States Environmental Agency. Retrieved November 2, 2013, from http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/global.html
Foster, J. B. (2001). The vulnerable planet: A short economic history of the environment (Rev. ed.). Monthly Review Press.
Goldthau, A., & Sovacool, B. K. (2012). The uniqueness of the energy security, justice, and governance problem. Energy Policy, 41, 232–240.
Goldthau, A., & Witte, J. M. (2010). Global energy governance: The new rules of the game. Berlin: Global Public Policy Institute.
Goldthau, A. & Witte, J.M., 2009. Back to the future or forward to the past? Strengthening markets and rules for effective global energy governance. International Affairs, 85(2), pp.373–390.
Glasbergen, P., Biermann, F., & Mol, A. P. J. (2007). Partnerships, governance and sustainable development: Reflections on theory and practice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Goldthau, A., & Witte, J. M. (2009). Back to the future or forward to the past? Strengthening markets and rules for effective global energy governance. International Affairs, 85(2), 373–390.
Griffin, L. (2010). Governance innovation for sustainability: Exploring the tensions and dilemmas. Environmental Policy & Governance, 20(6), 365–369.
Hartley, J., Butler, M. J. R., & Benington, J. (2002). Local government modernization: UK and comparative analysis from an organizational perspective. Public Management Review, 4(3), 387–404.
Hajer, M. A. (1997). The politics of environmental discourse: Ecological modernization and the policy process. London: Clarendon Press.
Hajer, M. A., & Kesselring, S. (1999). Democracy in the risk society? Learning from the new politics of mobility in Munich. Environmental Politics, 8(3), 1–23.
Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162, 1243–1248.
Heymann, M. (1998). Signs of hubris: The shaping of wind technology styles in Germany, Denmark, and the United States, 1940–1990. Technology and Culture, 39(4), 641–670.
Hildingsson, R., Stripple, J., & Jordan, A. (2012). Governing renewable energy in the EU: Confronting a governance dilemma. European Political Science, 11(1), 18–30.
Holzinger, K., Knill, C., & Schäfer, A. (2006). Rhetoric or reality? “New governance” in EU environmental policy. European Law Journal, 12(3), 403–420.
Huber, J. (2000). Towards industrial ecology: Sustainable development as a concept of ecological modernization. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 2(4), 269–285.
IEA. (2005). Lessons from liberalised electricity markets. Paris: IEA/OECD.
IPCC. (2013). Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. In T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, & P. M. Midgley (Eds.), Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
IPCC Working Group III. (2014). Climate change 2014: Mitigation of climate change. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from http://mitigation2014.org/
Jänicke, M. (1990). State failure: The impotence of politics in industrial society. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Jacobsson, S., & Lauber, V. (2005). Germany: From a modest feed-in law to a framework for transition. In V. Lauber (Ed.), Switching to renewable power: A framework for the 21 st century (pp. 122–158). London: Earthscan.
Jacobsson, S., & Lauber, V. (2006). The politics and policy of energy system transformation—Explaining the German diffusion of renewable energy technology. Energy Policy, 34(3), 256–276.
Jansen, A., Osland, O., & Hanf, K. (1998). Environmental challenges and institutional changes. An interpretation of the development of environmental policy in Western Europe. In K. Hanf & A. Jansen (Eds.), Governance and environment in Western Europe: Politics, policy, and administration (pp. 277–326). Essex: Addison Wesley Longman.
Joss, S. (2010). Accountable governance, accountable sustainability? A case study of accountability in the governance for sustainability. Environmental Policy & Governance, 20(6), 408–421.
Jordan, A. (2008). The governance of sustainable development: Taking stock and looking forwards. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 26(1), 17–33.
Kemp, R., Parto, S., & Gibson, R. B. (2005). Governance for sustainable development: Moving from theory to practice. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(1), 12–30.
Kilian, B., & Elgstrom, O. (2010). Still a green leader? The European Union’s role in international climate negotiations. Cooperation and Conflict, 45(3), 255–273.
Kjaer, A. M. (2004). Governance. Cambridge: Polity.
Klein, N. (2014). This changes everything: Capitalism vs. the climate. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Kooiman, J. (2003). Governing as governance. London: Sage.
Kuzemko, C. (2016). Energy depoliticisation in the UK: Destroying political capacity. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 18(1), 107–124.
Kuzemko, C. (2013). The energy security-climate nexus: Institutional change in Britain and beyond. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lafferty, W. M. (Ed.). (2004). Governance for sustainable development: The challenge of adapting form to function. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Lafferty, W. M., & Meadowcroft, J. (Eds.). (1996). Democracy and the environment: Problems and prospects. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Lauber, V. (2004). REFIT and RPS: Options for a harmonised community framework. Energy Policy, 32(12), 1405–1414.
Lauber, V. (Ed.). (2005). Switching to renewable power: A framework for the 21st century. London: Earthscan.
Lauber, V., & Buschmann, M. (2013). Germany: Challenges of a full transition to renewable energy. In E. Michalena & J. M. Hills (Eds.), Renewable energy governance (pp. 295–313). London: Springer.
Lemos, M. C., & Agrawal, A. (2006). Environmental governance. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 31(1), 297–325.
Loeak, C. J. (2013). Climate change has reached our shores. The New York Times. Retrieved October 1, 2013, from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/25/opinion/climate-change-has-reached-our-shores.html
Lovins, A. B. (2002). Small is profitable. Snowmass: Rocky Mountain Institute.
Marsh, D., & Stoker, G. (Eds.). (2010). Theory and methods in political science (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Marsh, D., Toke, D., Belfrage, C., Tepe, D., & McGough, S. (2009). Policy networks and the distinction between insider and outsider groups: The case of the countryside alliance. Public Administration, 87(3), 621–638.
Mayer, M., & Schouten, P. (2012). Energy security and climate security under conditions of the Anthropocene. In L. Anceschi & J. Symons (Eds.), Energy security in the era of climate change: the Asia-Pacific rxperience (pp. 13–35). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Marinetto, M. (2003). Governing beyond the centre: A critique of the Anglo-governance school. Political Studies, 51(3), 592–608.
Mathews, J. A., & Tan, H. (2014). Economics: Manufacture renewables to build energy security. Nature, 513(7517), 166–168.
Meadowcroft, J. (2007). Who is in charge here? Governance for sustainable development in a complex world*. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 9(3–4), 299–314.
McDowall, W., Ekins, P., Radošević, S., & Zhang, L. (2013). The development of wind power in China, Europe and the USA: How have policies and innovation system activities co-evolved? Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 25(2), 163–185.
Midlarsky, M. I. (1998). Democracy and the environment: An empirical assessment. Journal of Peace Research, 35(3), 341–361.
Mitchell, C. (2008). The political economy of sustainable energy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mitchell, C., & Connor, P. (2004). Renewable energy policy in the UK 1990–2003. Energy Policy, 32(17), 1935–1947.
Mitchell, C., Bauknecht, D., & Connor, P. M. (2006). Effectiveness through risk reduction: A comparison of the renewable obligation in England and Wales and the feed-in system in Germany. Energy Policy, 34(3), 297–305.
Mol, A. P. J. (2007). Bringing the environmental state back in: Partnerships in perspective. In P. Glasbergen, F. Biermann, & A. P. J. Mol (Eds.), Partnerships, governance, and sustainable development: Reflection on theory and practice (pp. 214–238). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Najam, A. (2005). Developing countries and global environmental governance: From contestation to participation to engagement. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 5(3), 303–321.
ODPM. (2004). Planning policy statement 22: Renewable energy. The Stationery Office for the Deputy Prime Minister. Norwich, UK.
Osborne, S. P. (2010). The new public governance?: Emerging perspectives on the theory and practice of public governance. London: Routledge.
Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Ostrom, E. (2009). Governance and institutions. In S. A. Levin (Ed.), The Princeton guide to ecology (pp. 748–753). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Pearce, F. (2006). The last generation: How nature will take her revenge for climate change. London: Eden Project Books.
Pierson, P. (2000). Not just what, but when: Timing and sequence in political processes. Studies in American Political Development, 14(1), 72–92.
Piao, S., Ciais, P., Huang, Y., Shen, Z., Peng, S., Li, J., et al. (2010). The impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China. Nature, 467(7311), 43–51.
Pierre, J., & Peters, B. G. (2000). Governance, politics and the state. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Price, S., Saunders, C., & Olcese, C. (2014). Movements. In C. Death (Ed.), Critical environmental politics (pp. 165–174). Abingdon: Routledge.
Rhodes, R. A. (2006a). Policy network analysis. Oxford.
Rhodes, R. A. (2006b). Policy network analysis. The Oxford Handbook of Public Policy, 423–445.
Rhodes, R. A. W. (1997). Understanding governance: Policy networks, governance, reflexivity, and accountability. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Rhodes, R. A. W. (2007). Understanding governance: Ten years on. Organization Studies, 28(8), 1243–1264.
Rule, T. A. (2014). Solar, wind and land: Conflicts in renewable energy development. London: Routledge.
Scott, A. (1990). Ideology and the new social movements. London: Unwin Hyman.
SDC. (2006). The role of nuclear power in a low carbon economy. SDC position paper, Sustainable Development Commission, London.
Shearman, D. J., & Smith, J. W. (2007). The climate change challenge and the failure of democracy. Praeger.
Smith, A. (2007). Emerging in between: The multi-level governance of renewable energy in the English regions. Energy Policy, 35(12), 6266–6280.
Sovacool, B. K. (2011). An international comparison of four polycentric approaches to climate and energy governance. Energy Policy, 39(6), 3832–3844.
Sovacool, B. K. (2013). A qualitative factor analysis of renewable energy and Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) in the Asia-Pacific. Energy Policy, 59, 393–403.
Stern, N. H. (2010). A blueprint for a safer planet: How we can help save our world and create prosperity. London: Vintage.
Stern, P. C. (2011). Design principles for global commons: Natural resources and emerging technologies. International Journal of the Commons, 5(2), 213–232.
Symons, J. (2012). Interconnections between climate and energy governance. In L. Anceschi & J. Symons (Eds.), Energy security in the era of climate change: The Asia-Pacific experience (pp. 275–291). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Szarka, J., & Blühdorn, I. (2006). Wind power in Britain and Germany: Explaining contrasting development paths. London: Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society.
Taylor, A., Geddes, A., & Lees, C. (2013). The European Union and South East Europe: The dynamics of Europeanization and multi-level governance. Abingdon: Routledge.
Toke, D. (2011a). Ecological modernisation and renewable energy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Toke, D., & Lauber, V. (2007). Anglo-Saxon and German approaches to neoliberalism and environmental policy: The case of financing renewable energy. Geoforum, 38(4), 677–687.
Toke, D., Breukers, S., & Wolsink, M. (2008). Wind power deployment outcomes: How can we account for the differences? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(4), 1129–1147.
Trancik, J. E. (2014). Renewable energy: Back the renewables boom. Nature, 507(7492), 300–302.
Thatcher, M. (1998). The development of policy network analyses. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 10(4), 389–416.
Verbruggen, A., & Lauber, V. (2012). Assessing the performance of renewable electricity support instruments. Energy Policy, 45, 635–644.
Upham, P., & Shackley, S. (2006). The case of a proposed 21.5 MWe biomass gasifier in Winkleigh, Devon: Implications for governance of renewable energy planning. Energy Policy, 34(15), 2161–2172.
Wintour, P., & Editor, P. (2013). Energy firms declare war over Ed Miliband’s fuel freeze. The Guardian. Retrieved September 24, 2013, from http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/sep/24/energy-firms-declare-war-ed-miliband-fuel-freeze
Warren, C., Cowell, R., Ellis, G., Strachan, P. A., & Szarka, J. (2012). Wind power: Towards a sustainable future? In J. Szarka, R. Cowell, G. Ellis, P. A. Strachan, & C. Warren (Eds.), Learning from wind power: Governance, societal and policy perspectives on sustainable energy (pp. 1–16). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Westra, L. (1998). Living in integrity: A global ethic to restore a fragmented earth. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
Whitehead, M. (2014). Sustainability. In C. Death (Ed.), Critical environmental politics (pp. 257–266). Abingdon: Routledge.
World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). (1987). Our common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Yergin, D. (2012). The quest: Energy, security and the remaking of the modern world. London: Penguin.
York, R., & Rosa, E. A. (2003). Key challenges to ecological modernization theory. Organization & Environment, 16(3), 273–288.
Zeng, N., Ding, Y., Pan, J., Wang, H., & Gregg, J. (2008). Climate change—The Chinese challenge. Science, 319(5864), 730–731.
Zheng, H., De Jong, M., & Koppenjan, J. (2010). Applying policy network theory to policy-making in China: The case of urban health insurance reform. Public Administration, 88(2), 398–417.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chen, G.Cf. (2016). Orthodoxies of Energy Governance. In: Governing Sustainable Energies in China. Politics and Development of Contemporary China. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30969-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30969-9_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-30968-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-30969-9
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)