Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Rhizomania pp 195–220Cite as

Genetic Resistances

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Soon after the first appearance of the disease, the presence of some traits of resistance to rhizomania was recognized in Italian varieties. In the mid-1980s, the breeding research led to the release of monogenic resistance, which reduced drastically the damage caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). At least two origins of the currently employed traits (Rz1 and Rz2) were identified in Beta maritima collected in the Po River Delta, Italy, and at Kalundborg Fjord, Denmark. Both traits are located on chromosome III and spaced far enough apart to be considered different loci. The crosses display an additive action, useful for increasing sugar yield even in the presence of Rz1 resistance-breaking strains of BNYVV. Some differences were detected in the mechanisms limiting the effects of the BNYVV, because the beets carrying the resistance Rz2 show reduced virus replication and more restricted cell-to-cell movement than Rz1. But the subject still is controversial. In the future, resistance to the vector, P. betae, could complement the effects of BNYVV resistances, if difficulties in the transfer of the trait would be overcome.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abe H, Tamada T (1986) Association of beet necrotic yellow vein virus with isolates of Polymyxa betae Keskin. Ann Phytopathol Soc Jpn 52:235–247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acosta-Leal R, Bryan BK, Rush CM (2009) Generation and dispersion of resistance breaking variants of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in the field. In: Proceedings of 35th ASSBT, http://assbt-proceedings.org/AG/Acosta-Leal%20_Entomology_.pdf

  • Acosta-Leal R, Bryan BK, Rush CM (2010) Host effect on the genetic diversification of beet necrotic yellow vein virus single-plant populations. Phytopathology 100:1204–1212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amiri R, Moghaddam M, Mesbah M, Sadeghian SY, Ghannadha MR, Izadpanah K (2003) The inheritance of resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in B. vulgaris subsp. maritima accession WB42: statistical comparisons with Holly 1-4. Euphytica 132:363–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Asher MJC, Barr KJ (1990) The host range of Polymyxa betae and resistance in Beta species. In: Koenig R (ed) Proceedings of the 1st symposium of IWGPVFV, Braunschweig, Germany, pp 65–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Asher MJC, Kerr S (1996) Rhizomania: progress with resistant varieties. Brit Sugar Beet Rev 64:19–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Asher MJC, Grimmer MK, Mutasa-Goettgens ES (2009) Selection and characterization of resistance to Polymyxa betae, vector of beet necrotic yellow vein virus, derived from wild sea beet. Plant Pathol 58:250–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barr KJ, Asher MJC, Lewis BG (1995) Resistance to Polymyxa betae in wild Beta species. Plant Pathol 44:301–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartsch D, Brand U (1998) Saline soil condition decreases rhizomania infection of Beta vulgaris. J Plant Pathol 80:219–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Barzen E, Mechelke W, Ritter E, Seitzer JF, Salamini F (1992) RFLP markers for sugar beet breeding: chromosomal linkage maps and location of major genes for rhizomania resistance monogermy and hypocotyl color. Plant J 2:601–611

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biancardi E, De Biaggi M (1979) Beta maritima L. in the Po Delta. In: Proc Convegno Tecnico Internazionale in Commemorazione di Ottavio Munerati. Rovigo, pp 183–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Biancardi E, Lewellen RT, De Biaggi M, Erichsen AW, Stevanato P (2002) The origin of rhizomania resistance in sugar beet. Euphytica 127:383–397

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biancardi E, Panella LW, Lewellen RT (eds) (2012) Beta maritima: the origin of beets. Springer, Heidelberg Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Blunt SJ, Asher MJC, Gilligan CA (1991) Infection of sugar beet by Polymyxa betae in relation to soil temperature. Plant Pathol 40:257–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boltz G, Koch F (1983) Aussichten der Resistenz- (Toleranz) Züchtung in Rahmen der Bekӓmpfung der Rizomania. Gesunde Pflanz 35:275–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Bongiovanni GC (1984) La genetica ha vinto la rizomania? Giornale del Bieticoltore 11:9

    Google Scholar 

  • Bongiovanni GC (1986) Risultati di semi tolleranti la rizomania su terreni colpiti in vario grado dalla virosi. Informatore Agrario 44:103–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Bornemann K, Hanse B, Varrelmann M, Stevens M (2015) Occurrence of resistance‐breaking strains of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beet in northwestern Europe and identification of a new variant of the viral pathogenicity factor P25. Plant Pathol 64:25–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bosemark NO (1989) Prospects for beet breeding and use of genetic resources. In: Report on an international workshop on Beta genetic resources. IBPGRI, Rome Italy, pp 89–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Capistrano GC, Ries D, Minoche A, Kraft T, Frerichmann SLM, Holtgräwe D, Soerensen TR, Varrelmann M, Uphoff H, Mechelke W, Schechert A, Himmelbauer H, Weisshaar B, Kopisch-Obuch F (2014) Fine mapping of rhizomania resistance using in situ populations of the wild beet Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. In: Proceedings of the Plant & Animal Genome XXII, p 673

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciafardini G (1991) Evaluation of Polymyxa betae Keskin contaminated by beet necrotic yellow vein virus in soil. Appl Eviron Microbiol 57:1817–1821

    Google Scholar 

  • Coons GH (1936) Improvement of the sugar beet. In: 1936 Yearbook of agriculture. USDA, Washington DC, USA, pp 625–656

    Google Scholar 

  • Coons GH (1975) Interspecific hybrids between Beta vulgaris L. and the wild species of Beta. Proc ASSBT 18:281–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Coons GH, Owen FV, Stewart D (1955) Improvement of the sugar beet in the United States. Adv Agron 7:89–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davarani FH, Rezaee S, Mahmoudi SB, Norouzi P, Safarnejad MR (2013) Identification and quantification of viruliferous and non-viruliferous Polymyxa betae. Int J Biosci 3:165–171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Biaggi M (1987) Methodes de selection – Un cas concret. Proc IIRB 50:157–161

    Google Scholar 

  • De Biaggi M, Giunchedi L, Poggi Pollini C, Dradi D (1986) Use of the ELISA technique to assess tolerance to the rhizomania virus in beet genotypes grown in the greenhouse. Sementi Elette 32:11–13

    Google Scholar 

  • De Biaggi M, Ericsen AW, Lewellen RT, Biancardi E (2003) The discovery of the rhizomania resistance traits in sugar beet. Proc ASSBT/IIRB 1:131–147

    Google Scholar 

  • De Bock TSM (1986) The genus Beta: domestication, taxonomy and interspecific hybridization for plant breeding. Acta Horticult 182:335–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Temmerman N, Anfirud M, Meulemans M, Rich K, Burkholz A, De Bruyne E, Weyens G, Barnes S, Horemans S, Lefebvre M, Bolton MD (2009) Rhizomania resistance in the Tandem® sugar beet variety. Int Sugar J 111:313–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Desoignies N, Carbonell J, Moreau JS, Conesa A, Dopazo J, Legrève A (2014) Molecular interactions between sugar beet and Polymyxa betae during its life cycle. Ann Appl Biol 164:244–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donà dalle Rose A (1954) Gravi sintomi di “stanchezza” dei bietolai. Annali Stazione Sperimentale di Bieticoltura, Rovigo 36:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Doney DL (1993) Broadening the genetic base of sugarbeet. J Sugar Beet Res 30:209–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doney DL (1998) Beta evaluation and sugar beet enhancement from wild sources. In: Frese L, Panella L, Shrivastava HM, Lange W (eds) Proceedings of the International Beta Genetic Resources Network and World Beta Network Conference, pp 92–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Doney DL, Whitney ED (1990) Genetic enhancement in Beta for disease resistance using wild relatives: a strong case for the value of genetic conservation. Econ Bot 44:445–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doney DL, Ford-Lloyd BV, Frese L, Tan A (1995) Scientist worldwide rally to rescue the native beet of the Mediterranean. Diversity 11:124–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Driessen S (2003) Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima an Deutschlands Ostseeküste. PhD Dissertation, University Aachen, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffus JE, Ruppel EG (1993) Diseases. In: Cooke DA, Scott RK (eds) The sugar beet crop. Chapman & Hall, London UK, pp 346–427

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffus JE, Whitney ED, Larsen RC, Liu HY, Lewellen RT (1984) First report in Western hemisphere of rhizomania of sugar beet caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus. Plant Dis 68:251

    Google Scholar 

  • Dürr C, Guévaer F, Guillet JM (2000) Pre-emergence growth of genotypes of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) tolerant to rhizomania. Ann Bot 85:197–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Francis SA, Luterbacher MC (2003) Identification and exploitation of novel disease resistance genes in sugar beet. Pest Manag Sci 59:225–230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser RSS (1990) The genetics of resistance to plant viruses. Ann Rev Phytopathol 28:179–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frese L (1990) The world Beta network cooperation. Proc IIRB 53:161–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Frese L (2010) Conservation and access to sugar beet germplasm. Sugar Tech 12:207–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frese L, Germeier CU (2009) The international database for Beta and in situ management – potential, role and functions. In: Frese L, Maggioni L, Lipman E (eds) Proceedings of the International Beta Genetic Resources Network and World Beta Network Conference pp 59–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Frese L, Desprez B, Ziegler D (2001) Potential of genetic resources and breeding strategies for base-broadening in Beta. In: Cooper HD, Spillane C, Hodgkin T (eds) Broadening the genetic base of crop production. FAO, IBPRGI and CABI Publishing, Wallingford UK, pp 295–309

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentili P, Poggi G (1986) Ritmo: esperienze italiane contro rizomania e cercospora. Tecn Bull, Maribo, Bologna

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerik JS, Duffus JE (1988) Differences in vectoring ability and aggressiveness of isolates of Polymyxa betae. Phytopathology 78:1340–1343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geyl L, Heriz MG, Valentin P, Hehn A, Merdinoglu D (1995) Identification and characterization of resistance to rhizomania in an ecotype of Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima. Plant Pathol 44:819–828

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gidner S, Lennefors BL, Nilsson NO, Bensefelt J, Johansson E, Gyllenspetz U, Kraft T (2005) QTL mapping of BNYVV resistance from the WB41 source in sugar beet. Genome 4:279–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giorio G, Gallitelli M, Carriero F (1997) Molecular markers linked to rhizomania resistance in sugar beet Beta vulgaris from two different sources map to the same linkage group. Plant Breed 116:401–408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giunchedi L, Poggi-Pollini C (1988) Immunogold-silver localization of beet necrotic yellow vein virus antigen in susceptible and moderately resistant sugar beets. Phytopathol Mediterr 27:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Giunchedi L, Poggi Pollini C, De Biaggi M (1985) Evaluation of ELISA technique for the screening of rhizomania-tolerant sugar beet genotypes. Proc IIRB 48:385–390

    Google Scholar 

  • Giunchedi L, De Biaggi M, Poggi Pollini CP (1987) Correlation between tolerance and beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar-beet genotypes. Phytopathol Mediterr 26:23–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Graf A (1984) Studie über das Verhalten von toleranten und anfӓlligen Zuckerrübensorten auf Standhorten mit und ohne Rhizomania Befall. Jahrbuch 1984 Bundesanstalt für Pflanzenbau, Vienna, Austria, pp 143–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimmer MK, Kraft T, Francis SA, Asher MJC (2007) QTL mapping of BNYVV resistance from the WB258 source in sugar beet. Plant Breed 127:650–652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimmer MK, Bean KMR, Qi A, Stevens M, Asher MJC (2008) The action of three beet yellows virus resistance QTLs depends on alleles at a novel genetic locus that controls symptom development. Plant Breed 127:391–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harveson RM, Rush CM (2002) The influence of irrigation frequency and cultivar blends on the severity of multiple root disease in sugar beet. Plant Dis 86:901–908

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heijbroek W, Musters PMS, Schoone AHL (1999) Variation in pathogenicity and multiplication of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in relation to the resistance of sugar-beet cultivars. Eur J Plant Pathol 105:397–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hleibieh K, Peltier C, Klein E, Schirmer A, Schmidlin L, Covelli L, Ratti C, Legrève A, Bragard C, Gilmer D (2007) Étiologie de la rhizomanie de la betterave sucrière. Virologie 11:409–421

    Google Scholar 

  • Hull R (1989) The movement of virus in plants. Annu Rev Phytopathol 27:213–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hull R (1994) Resistance to plant viruses: obtaining genes by nonconventional approaches. Euphytica 75:195–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janick J (ed) (1989) Plant breeding reviews, vol 7. The national plant germplasm system of the Unites States. Timber Press, Portland OR, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis S, Fielder H, Hopkins J, Maxted N, Smart S (2015) Distribution of crop wild relatives of conservation priority in the UK landscape. Biol Conserv 191:444–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lennefors BL (2006) Molecular breeding for resistance to rhizomania in sugar beets. Ph D Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  • Lennefors BL, van Roggen PM, Yndgaard F, Savenkov EI, Valkonen JP (2008) Efficient dsRNA-mediated transgenic resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beets is not affected by other soil-borne and aphid-transmitted viruses. Transgenic Res 17:219–228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewellen RT (1988) Selection for resistance to rhizomania in sugar beet. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Congress Plant Pathology, p 455

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewellen RT (1991) Registration of rhizomania-resistant germplasm of Beta vulgaris. Crop Sci 31:244–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewellen RT (1995a) Performance of near-isolines of sugarbeet with resistance to rhizomania from different sources. Proc IIRB 58:83–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewellen RT (1995b) Registration of C859 germplasm of sugarbeet resistant to rhizomania. Crop Sci 35:289–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewellen RT (1995c) Registration of sugarbeet germplasm lines with multiple disease resistance: C39, C39R, C39R-6, C47, C47R, C93, and C94. Crop Sci 35:596–597

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewellen RT (1997) Registration of 11 sugarbeet germplasm C79 lines with resistance to rhizomania. Crop Sci 37:1026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewellen RT, Biancardi E (1990) Breeding and performance of rhizomania resistant sugar beet. Proc IIRB 53:69–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewellen RT, Skoyen IO (1991) Improvement and performance of populations of sugarbeet x Beta maritima. Proc ASSBT 26:79

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewellen RT, Whitney ED (1993) Registration of germplasm lines developed from composite crosses of sugar beet x Beta maritima. Crop Sci 33:882–883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewellen RT, Whitney ED, Skoyen IO (1985) Registration of C37 sugarbeet parental line. Crop Sci 25:375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewellen RT, Skoyen IO, Erichsen AW (1987) Breeding sugarbeet for resistance to rhizomania: Evaluation of host-plant reactions and selections for and inheritance of resistance. Proc IIRB 50:139–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Litwiniec A, Gośka M, Choińska B, Kużdowicz K, Łukanowsk A, Skibowska B (2015) Evaluation of rhizomania-resistance segregating sequences and overall genetic diversity pattern among selected accessions of Beta and Patellifolia. Potential implications of breeding for genetic bottlenecks in terms of rhizomania resistance. Euphytica 1–22 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10681-015-1570-5/fulltext.html

  • Liu HY, Lewellen RT (2007) Distribution and molecular characterization of resistance-breaking isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in the United States. Plant Dis 91:847–851

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu HY, Lewellen RT (2008) Suppression of resistance – breaking beet necrotic yellow vein virus isolates by beet oak-leaf virus in sugar beet. Plant Dis 92:1043–1047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lubicz JV, Rush CM, Payton M, Colberg T (2007) Beet necrotic yellow vein virus accumulates inside resting spores and zoosporangia of its vector Polymyxa betae BNYVV infects P. betae. Virol J 4:37

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Luterbacher MC, Asher MJC, De Ambrogio E, Biancardi E, Stevanato P, Frese L (2004) Sources of resistance to diseases of sugar beet in related Beta germplasm. I. Foliar diseases. Euphytica 139:105–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luterbacher MC, Asher MJC, Beyer W, Mandolino G, Scholten OE, Frese L, Biancardi E, Stevanato P, Mechelke W, Slyvchenko O (2005) Sources of resistance to diseases of sugar beet in related Beta germplasm: II. Soil-borne diseases. Euphytica 141:49–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mannerlöf M, Lennefors BL, Tenning P (1996) Reduced titer of BNYVV in transgenic sugar beet expressing the BNYVV coat protein. Euphytica 90:293–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marciano P, Di Lenna P, Magro P, Alghisi P (1977) Indagini su alcune modificazioni indotte dalla rizomania sul metabolismo aromatico dei fittoni di Beta vulgaris var saccharifera L. Riv Patol Veg 35:61–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin K, Sauerborn J (eds) (2013) Agroecology. Springer, Dordrecht The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Merdinoglu D, Lemaire O, Wiedmann S (1987) Approches nouvelle danc la selection pour les resistances a la rhizomanie. Proc IIRB 50:265–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesbah M, Scholten OE, De Bock TS, Lange W (1997) Chromosome localization of genes for resistance to Heterodera schachtii, Cercospora beticola and Polymyxa betae, using sets of Beta procumbens and B. patellaris derived monosomic additions in B. vulgaris. Euphytica 97:117–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meulemans M, Janssens L, Horemans S (2003) Interactions between major genes and influence of the genetic background in the expression of rhizomania resistance. Proc IIRB-ASSBT 1:161–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Panella L, Lewellen RT (2005) Plant introduction and genetic diversity. In: Biancardi E, Campbell LG, Skaracis GN, De Biaggi M (eds) Genetics and breeding of sugar beet. Science Publishers, Enfield, pp 34–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Panella LW, Lewellen RT (2007) Broadening the genetic base of sugar beet: introgression from wild relatives. Euphytica 154:382–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul H, Henken B, Scholten OE, De Bock TSM, Lange W (1993) Variation in the level of infection with Polymyxa betae and its effect on infection with beet necrotic yellow vein virus in beet accessions of the sections Beta and Corollinae. In: Hiruki C (ed) Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium IWGPVFV, Montreal, Canada, pp 133–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavli OI (2010) Molecular characterization of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in Greece and transgenic approaches towards enhancing rhizomania disease resistance. PhD Dissertation, Wageningen University, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavli OI, Stevanato P, Biancardi E, Skaracis GN (2011) Achievements and prospects in breeding for rhizomania resistance in sugar beet. Field Crops Res 122:165–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pelsy F, Merdinoglu D (1996) Identification and mapping of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers linked to a rhizomania resistance gene in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) by bulked segregant analysis. Plant Breed 115:371–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pferdmenges F (ed) (2007) Occurrence spread and pathogenicity of different beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) isolates, 23rd edn. Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Pferdmenges F, Varrelmann M (2009) Breaking of beet necrotic yellow vein virus resistance in sugar beet is independent of virus and vector inoculum densities. Eur J Plant Pathol 124:231–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pignone D (1989) Wild Beta germplasm under threat in Italy. FAO/IPGRI Plant Genet Resour Newslett 77:40

    Google Scholar 

  • Poggi-Pollini C, Giunchedi L (1989) Comparative histopathology of sugar beets that are susceptible and partially resistant to rhizomania. Phytopathol Mediterr 28:16–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Prillwitz H, Schlösser E (1993) Virus-vector interactions in the rizomania syndrome. In: Hiruki C (ed) Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium IWGPVFV, Montreal, Canada, pp 107–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Rush CM (2003) Ecology and epidemiology of benyviruses and plasmodiophorid vectors. Ann Rev Phytopathol 41:567–592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rush CM, Liu HY, Lewellen RT, Acosta-Leal R (2006) The continuing saga of rhizomania of sugar beets in the United States. Plant Dis 90:4–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholten OE, Lange W (2000) Breeding for resistance to rhizomania in sugar beet: a review. Euphytica 112:219–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholten OE, Paul H, Peters D, Van Lent JWM, Goldbach RW (1994) In situ localisation of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in rootlets of susceptible and resistant beet plants. Arch Virol 136:349–361

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scholten OE, Klein-Lankhorst RM, Esselink DG, DeBock TSM, Lange W (1997) Identification and mapping of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to resistance against beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in Beta accessions. Theor Appl Genet 94:123–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scholten OE, De Bock TSM, Klein-Lankhorst R, Lange W (1999) Inheritance of resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus in Beta vulgaris conferred by a second gene for resistance. Theor Appl Genet 99:740–746

    Google Scholar 

  • Skaracis GN, Biancardi E (2000) Breeding for cercospora resistance in sugar beet. In: Asher MJC, Holtschulte B, Richard Molard M, Rosso F, Steinrücken G, Beckers R (eds) Advances in sugar beet research, vol 2. Cercospora beticola Sacc. Biology, agronomic influence and control measures in sugar beet. IIRB, Brussels, Belgium, pp 177–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith MJ, Acosta-Leal R, Rush CM (2010) Resistance breakdown in Rz2 containing sugar beet cultivars to beet necrotic yellow vein virus. In: Abstracts APS annual meeting, phytopathology, pp 100:120

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevanato P, Panella LW (2013) History of sugar beets. Sugar Producer 3:17–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevanato P, De Biaggi M, Broccanello C, Biancardi E, Saccomani M (2015) Molecular genotyping of “Rizor” and “Holly” rhizomania resistances in sugar beet. Euphytica 204:1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Plank JE (ed) (1975) Principles of plant infection. Academic Press, New York USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Dijk H (1998) Variation for developmental characters in Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima in relation to latitude: The importance of in situ conservation. In: Frese L, Panella L, Shrivastava HM, Lange W (eds) Proceedings of the International Beta Genetic Resources Network and World Beta Network Conference, pp 30–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Geyt JPC, Lange W, Oleo M, De Bock TS (1990) Natural variation within the genus Beta and its possible use for breeding sugar beet: a review. Euphytica 49:57–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitney ED (1989) Identification distribution and testing for resistance to rhizomania in Beta maritima. Plant Dis 73:287–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wisler GC, Lewellen RT, Sears JL, Liu HY, Duffus JE (1999) Specificity of TAS-ELISA for beet necrotic yellow vein virus and its application for determining rhizomania resistance in field-grown sugar beets. Plant Dis 83:864–870

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wisler GC, Lewellen RT, Sears JL, Wasson JW, Liu HY, Wintermantel WM (2003) Interactions between beet necrotic yellow vein virus and beet soil-borne mosaic virus in sugar beet. Plant Dis 87:1170–1175

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil Management and Sugarbeet Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Leonard W. Panella

  2. Formerly: Stazione Sperimentale di Bieticoltura, Rovigo, Italy

    Enrico Biancardi

Authors
  1. Leonard W. Panella
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Enrico Biancardi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Leonard W. Panella .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Stazione Sperimentale di Bieticoltura, Rovigo, Italy

    Enrico Biancardi

  2. Agricultural Research Institute, Hokuren Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Naganuma, Hokkaido, Japan

    Tetsuo Tamada

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Panella, L.W., Biancardi, E. (2016). Genetic Resistances. In: Biancardi, E., Tamada, T. (eds) Rhizomania. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30678-0_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation