Abstract
This chapter deals with the history of widespread and growing opium consumption in China from earlier centuries to 1860 and beyond. It sketches the links between opium and sexual activity and the financial difficulties for the Chinese empire caused by growing opium consumption from circa 1810–20 onwards.
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Gelber, H. (2016). The Opium Issue. In: Battle for Beijing, 1858–1860. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30584-4_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30584-4_2
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Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-30583-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-30584-4
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