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Computational Scientific Discovery

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Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Computational scientific discovery is becoming increasingly important in many areas of science. This chapter reviews the application of computational methods in the formulation of scientific ideas, that is, in the characterization of phenomena and the generation of scientific explanations, in the form of hypotheses, theories, and models. After a discussion of the evolutionary and anthropological roots of scientific discovery, the nature of scientific discovery is considered, and an outline is given of the forms that scientific discovery can take: direct observational discovery, finding empirical rules, and discovery of theories. A discussion of the psychology of scientific discovery includes an assessment of the role of induction. Computational discovery methods in mathematics are then described. This is followed by a survey of methods and associated applications in computational scientific discovery, covering massive systematic search within a defined space; rule-based reasoning systems; classification, machine vision, and related techniques; data mining; finding networks; evolutionary computation; and automation of scientific experiments. We conclude with a discussion of the future of computational scientific discovery, with consideration of the extent to which scientific discovery will continue to require human input.

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Abbreviations

AI:

artificial intelligence

AM:

Automated Mathematician

BN:

Bayesian network

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

LT:

Logic Theorist

STM:

short term memory

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, WC2A 2AE, London, UK

    Peter D. Sozou

  2. School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, AL109 AB, Hatfield, UK

    Peter C.R. Lane

  3. School of Arts and Humanities, St Mary’s University, Waldegrave Road, TW1 4SX, Twickenham, UK

    Mark Addis

  4. Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Bedford Street South, L69 7ZW, Liverpool, UK

    Fernand Gobet

Authors
  1. Peter D. Sozou
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  2. Peter C.R. Lane
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  3. Mark Addis
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  4. Fernand Gobet
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Correspondence to Peter D. Sozou .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Humanities, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy

    Lorenzo Magnani  & Tommaso Bertolotti  & 

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Sozou, P.D., Lane, P.C., Addis, M., Gobet, F. (2017). Computational Scientific Discovery. In: Magnani, L., Bertolotti, T. (eds) Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30526-4_33

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