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Argumentation and Abduction in Dialogical Logic

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Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

This chapter advocates for a reconciliation of argumentation theory and formal logic in an agent-centered theory of reasoning, that is, a theory in which inferences are studied as human activities. First, arguments in favor of a divorce between the two fields are presented. Those arguments are not so controversial. However, rather than forcing a radical separation, they urge logicians to rethink the object of their studies. Arguments cannot be analyzed as objects independent from human activity, whether it is dealt with deductive or nondeductive reasoning. The present analysis naturally takes place in the context of dialogical logic in which the proof process and the semantics are conceived in terms of argumentative games, which involve the agents, their commitments and their actions. This work focuses first on deductive reasoning and then takes abduction as a case of nondeductive reasoning. By relying on some relevant ideas of the Gabbay–Woods (GW) schema of abduction and Aliseda’s approach, a new dialogical explanation of abduction in terms of concession-problem is proposed. This notion of concession problem will be defined thereafter. With respect to the topics of the model-based sciences, the question of the specificity of the speech act by means of which a hypothesis is conjectured is set more specifically.

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Acknowledgements

Research for this chapter was supported by the project Logics of discovery, heuristics and creativity in the sciences (PAPIIT, IN400514-3) granted by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and by the project Interpretaciones alternativas de lógicas no clásicas, IALNoC (P10- HUM-5844) granted by Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresas). Matthieu Fontaine is greatly indebted to the Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (UNAM) and to the Programa de Becas Posdoctorales de la Coordinación de Humanidades (UNAM). We thank Atocha Aliseda and Mathieu Beirlaen for their comments. We are also thankful to Shahid Rahman for fruitful discussions on these topics (some of his arguments were detailed in his work What Is Wrong about Pereleman-Toulmin’s Opposition between Legal Reasoning and Logic?, JURILOG conference, Lille, 2014 and some ideas were suggested during our talk Transmission de l’information dans les pratiques argumentatives. Evidentialité dans une sémantique dialogique, Ve SPS, Lille, 2014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Investigación en Lógica, Lenguaje e Información, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Camilo José Cela S/N, 41018, Sevilla, Spain

    Cristina Barés Gómez

  2. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Mario de la Cueva S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Matthieu Fontaine

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  1. Cristina Barés Gómez
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  2. Matthieu Fontaine
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Correspondence to Cristina Barés Gómez .

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  1. Department of Humanities, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy

    Lorenzo Magnani  & Tommaso Bertolotti  & 

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Barés Gómez, C., Fontaine, M. (2017). Argumentation and Abduction in Dialogical Logic. In: Magnani, L., Bertolotti, T. (eds) Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30526-4_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30526-4_14

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