Abstract
Today, in the Anthropocene, humans are changing global and local ecologies as fast as, or faster than, we can study them (eg. Rose 2009, Palmer et al. 2004). For primates this has a dire impact; nearly half of all primate taxa are under serious threat of population reduction/fragmentation, substantive landscape/ecology alteration and for many even extinction. In the practice of primatology this fact is at the forefront of any project and every analysis. It has become a necessity to employ a revised primatological practice, one that places humans and other primates in integrated and shared ecological and social spaces. This approach is epitomized by the current practice of ethnoprimatology. In ethnoprimatology the “ethno” prefix represents the inclusion of anthropogenic aspects, including the social, economic, and political histories and contexts as core components in the ecologies, and lives, of other primates (Sponsel 1997; Fuentes 2012; Malone et al. 2014). It is at the interface of human and other primate lives that much of the challenge to primatology exists, and at that boundary conservation, sustainability and management come to the forefront (Fuentes 2012; Fuentes & Hockings 2010; Fuentes & Wolfe 2002; Riley 2007). Ethnoprimatological approaches “affirm the role of humans as primates, of other primates as co-participants in shaping social and ecological space, recognizing mutual roles in both ecological and cultural interconnections” (Fuentes 2012: 102). Here we draw on a range of recent work in ethnoprimatology and allied areas to demonstrate how such approaches create a fruitful venue for integrating primatological inquiry and conservation and management practice via assessing the mutual ecologies, evolutionary histories, and social lives at the interface of humans and other primates (e.g., Fuentes & Wolfe 2002; Paterson & Wallis 2005; Fuentes & Hockings 2010; Riley et al. 2011; Malone et al. 2014).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Brotcone, F. (2014) Behavioral ecology of commensal long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) Populations in Bali, Indonesia. PhD dissertation, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of Liege.
Cormier, L. A. (2002). Monkey as food, monkey as child: Guaja symbolic cannibalism. In A. Fuentes & L. D. Wolfe (Eds.), Primates face-to-face: The conservation implications of human-nonhuman primate interconnections (pp. 63–84). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Engel, G., Hungerford, L. L., Jones-Engel, L., Travis, D., Eberle, R., Fuentes, A., et al. (2006). Risk assessment: A model for predicting cross-species transmission of simian foamy virus from macaques (M. fascicularis) to humans at a monkey temple in Bali, Indonesia. American Journal of Primatology, 68, 934–948.
Estrada, A. (2013). Socioeconomic contexts of primate conservation: Population, poverty, global economic demands, and sustainable land use. American Journal of Primatology, 75, 30–45.
Fuentes, A. (2006). Human culture and monkey behavior: Assessing the contexts of potential pathogen transmission between Macaques and Humans. American Journal of Primatology, 8, 880–896.
Fuentes, A. (2010). Nature cultural encounters in Bali: Monkeys, temples, tourists, and ethnoprimatology. Cultural Anthropology, 25(4), 600–624.
Fuentes, A. (2011). Being human and doing primatology: National, socioeconomic, and ethnic influences on primatological practice. American Journal of Primatology, 73(3), 233–237.
Fuentes, A. (2012). Ethnoprimatology and the anthropology of the human-primate interface. Annual Review of Anthropology, 41, 101–117.
Fuentes, A. (2002) Monkeys, Humans, and Politics in the Mentawai islands: No Simple Solutions in a Complex World In A. Fuentes and L. D. Wolfe (Eds). Primates Face to Face: The Conservation Implications of Human and Nonhuman Primate Interconnections. Cambridge University Press pp. 187–207.
Fuentes, A. (2013). Pets, property, and partners: Macaques as commodities in the human-other primate interface. In S. Radhakrishna et al. (Eds.), The macaque connection: Cooperation and conflict between humans and macaques, developments in primatology: Progress and prospects. New York: Springer.
Fuentes, A., & Hockings, K. (2010). The ethnoprimatological approach in primatology. American Journal of Primatology, 72, 841–847.
Fuentes, A., Shaw, E., & Cortes, J. (2007). A qualitative assessment of macaque tourist sites in Padangtegal, Bali, Indonesia, and the Upper Rock Nature Reserve, Gibraltar. International Journal of Primatology, 28, 1143–1158.
Fuentes, A., Southern, M., & Suaryana, K. G. (2005). Monkey forests and human landscapes: Is extensive sympatry sustainable for Homo sapiens and Macaca fascicularis in Bali? In J. D. Paterson & J. Wallis (Eds.), Commensalism and conflict: The human-primate interface (pp. 168–195). San Antonio, TX: American Society of Primatologists.
Hardin, R., & Remis, M. J. (2006). Biological and cultural anthropology of a changing tropical forest: A fruitful collaboration across subfields. American Anthropologist, 108(2), 273–285.
Hockings, K. J., & McLennan, M. R. (2012). From forest to farm: Systematic review of cultivar feeding by Chimpanzees—Management implications for wildlife in anthropogenic landscapes. PLoS One, 7(4), e33391.
Jones-Engel, L., May, C. C., Engel, G. A., Steinkraus, K. A., Schillaci, M. A., Fuentes, A., et al. (2008). Diverse contexts of zoonotic transmission of simian foamy viruses in Asia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14(8), 1200–1208.
Kohn, E. (2013). How forests think: Toward an anthropology beyond the human. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Lane, K. E., Lute, M., Rompis, A., Wandia, I. N., Arta Putra, I. G. A., Hollocher, H., et al. (2010). Pests, pestilence, and people: The long-tailed macaque and its role in the cultural complexities of Bali. In S. Gursky & J. Supriatna (Eds.), Indonesian primates (development in primatology: Progress and prospects) (pp. 235–248). New York: Springer.
Lee, P. C. (2010). Sharing space: Can ethnoprimatology contribute to the survival of nonhuman primates in human-dominated globalized landscapes? American Journal of Primatology, 72, 925–931.
Loudon, J. E., Howells, M. E., & Fuentes, A. (2006). The importance of integrative anthropology: A preliminary investigation employing primatological and cultural anthropological data collection methods in assessing human-monkey co-existence in Bali, Indonesia. Ecological and Environmental Anthropology, 2(1), 2–13.
Malone, N., Wade, A. H., Fuentes, A., Riley, E. P., Remis, M. J., & Jost-Robinson, C. (2014). Ethnoprimatology: Critical interdisciplinarity and multispecies approaches in anthropology. Critique of Anthropology, 34(1), 8–29.
Malone, N., Fuentes, A., & White, F. (2010) Subjects of Knowledge and Control in Field Primatology American Journal of Primatology, 72:779–784.
McLennan, M. R., & Hill, C. (2013). Ethical issues in the study and conservation of an African great ape in an unprotected, human-dominated landscape in western Uganda. In J. MacClancy & A. Fuentes (Eds.), Ethics in the field: Contemporary challenges (pp. 42–66). Oxford, England: Berghahn.
McLennan, M. R., & Priston, N. E. C. (2013). Managing humans, managing macaques: Human—macaque conflict in Asia and Africa. In S. Radhakrishna, M. A. Huffman, & A. Sinha (Eds.), The Macaque connection: Cooperation and conflict between humans and macaques (Progress and prospects, Vol. 43, pp. 225–250). New York: Springer.
Mito, Y., & Sprague, D. S. (2012). The Japanese and Japanese monkeys: Dissonant neighbors seeking accommodation in a shared habitat. In S. Radhakrishna, M. A. Huffman, & A. Sinha (Eds.), The macaque connection: Cooperation and conflict between humans and macaques, developments in primatology (Progress and prospects, Vol. 43, pp. 33–51). New York: Springer.
Ohnuki-Tierney, E. (1987). The monkey as mirror: Symbolic transformations in Japanese history and ritual. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Ohnuki-Tierney, E. (1995). Representations of the monkey (Saru) in Japanese culture. In R. Corby & B. Theunissen (Eds.), Evaluative proceedings of the symposium ape, man, apeman: Changing views since 1600 (pp. 297–308). Leiden, the Netherlands: Leiden University.
Priston, N. E. C., & Underdown, S. (2009). A simple method for calculating the likelihood of crop damage by primates an epidemiological approach. International Journal of Pest Management, 55(1), 51–56.
Remis, M. J., & Hardin, R. (2007). Anthropological contributions to protected area management. In Transforming Parks and Protected Areas: Policy and Governance in a Changing World, (eds). KS Hanna, DA Clark, DS Slocombe, pp. 85–109. London: Rutledge.
Remis, M. J., & Hardin, R. (2009). Transvalued species in an African forest. Conservation Biology, 23(6), 1588–1596.
Remis, M. J., & Jost-Robinson, C. A. (2012). Reductions in primate abundance and diversity in a multiuse protected area: Synergistic impacts of hunting and logging in a Congo Basin forest. American Journal of Primatology, 74, 602–612.
Riley, E. P. (2007). The human–macaque interface: Conservation implications of current and future overlap and conflict in Lore Lindu National park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. American Anthropologist, 109, 473–484.
Riley, E. P. (2010). The importance of human-macaque folklore for conservation in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Oryx, 44(2), 235–240.
Riley, E. P., Fuentes A., & Wolfe, L. (2011). Ethnoprimatology: contextualizing human and nonhuman primate interactions. In: Primates in Perspective. 2nd edition, C. Campbell, A. Fuentes, K. MacKinnon, S. K. Bearder and R. Stumpf (eds.), pp.676–686. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Riley, E. P., & Priston, N. E. C. (2010). Macaques in farms and folklore: Exploring the human-nonhuman primate interface in Sulawesi, Indonesia. American Journal of Primatology, 72, 848–854.
Schillaci, M. A., Engel, G. A., Fuentes, A., Rompis, A., Putra, A., Wandia, I. N., et al. (2010). The not-so-sacred monkeys of Bali: A radiographic study of human-primate commensalism. In S. Gursky & J. Supriatna (Eds.), Indonesian primates (Development in primatology: Progress and prospects) (pp. 249–256). New York: Springer.
Shanee, N., Shanee, S., & Horwich, R. H. (2014). Effectiveness of locally run conservation initiatives in north-east Peru. Oryx, 49(2), 239–247. doi:10.1017/S0030605313001002.
Sponsel, L. E., Ruttanadakul, N., & Natadecha-Sponsel, P. (2002). Monkey business? The conservation implications of macaque ethnoprimatology in Southern Thailand. In A. Fuentes & L. D. Wolfe (Eds.), Primates face-to-face: The conservation implications of human-nonhuman primate interconnections (pp. 288–309). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Strier, K. B. (2010). Long-term field studies: Positive impacts and unintended consequences. American Journal of Primatology, 72, 772–778.
Tsing, A. L. (2004). Friction: An ethnography of global connection. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Wheatley, B. (1999). The sacred monkeys of Bali. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fuentes, A., Cortez, A.D., Peterson, J.V. (2016). Ethnoprimatology and Conservation: Applying Insights and Developing Practice. In: Waller, M. (eds) Ethnoprimatology. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30469-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30469-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-30467-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-30469-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)