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Block Transmission with Frequency Domain Equalization for VLC

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Optical Wireless Communications

Part of the book series: Signals and Communication Technology ((SCT))

Abstract

OFDM and its real-valued version discrete multitone transmission (DMT) are popular schemes to compensate dispersion in direct detection optical systems. They employ an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) at the transmitter and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) at the receiver, whereas the data symbols are processed block-wise. Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) or single subcarrier (SSC) modulation combined with block transmission and frequency domain equalization (FDE) has been recognized as a possible alternative to the DMT schemes. Here, the IFFT is moved from the transmitter to the receiver, since the modulation takes place directly in the time domain. In this chapter, we investigate the suitability of FDE for Li-Fi (light fidelity) systems based on visible light communications. Such systems require nonnegative and real-valued signals, which additionally offer a DC-balance. We discuss the theoretical background of FDE under the intensity modulation constraint and compare its performance with the performance of bit-loading enhanced DC-biased DMT in multipath indoor channels.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The same attempt is used in [2, 9] and numerous other publications of Kahn, Carruthers or Barry.

  2. 2.

    Clearly, the Rx elements \(y_{5}\) and \(y_{6}\) are also not used as they lie within the CP interval of the second block.

  3. 3.

    Since VLC requires real-valued signals, it is advantageous to use an alternative transform with a real-valued kernel. A suitable candidate is the fast Hartley transform (FHT). One possibility to implement the receiver is based on real-to-complex and complex-to-real transforms [10], which map the FHT-spectrum into a FFT-spectrum.

  4. 4.

    Cauchy Schwarz inequality. The solution for colored noise is given in [11].

  5. 5.

    For pseudo-ternary partial-response coding, the signal spectrum is shaped.

  6. 6.

    The multipath scenario shown in Fig. 13.10 is only used as an example in order to allow a FDE-DMT comparison in Sect. 13.6. We do not claim that receiver position R2 necessarily leads to the strongest fading. The three receiver positions are examples, and we do not claim that these positions are statistically representative.

  7. 7.

    For \(M = 16\) and \(M = 64\), \(k_{\text{clip}}\) has been set to \(1.72\) and \(2.2\)—the optimum values. For \(M = 4\), \(k_{\text{clip}}\) has been set to \(1.52\) in order to limit the clipping probability to 5 %.

  8. 8.

    Measurement results presented in [27] suggest rather a steep than a gradually roll-off beyond the upper cut-off frequency, which is said to be between 60 and 180 MHz for a common high-power phosphorescent white-light LED with an optimized driver [27].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Communications Research Laboratory, Ilmenau University of Technology, P.O. Box 100565, 98684, Ilmenau, Germany

    Mike Wolf, Sher Ali Cheema & Martin Haardt

Authors
  1. Mike Wolf
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  2. Sher Ali Cheema
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  3. Martin Haardt
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Correspondence to Mike Wolf .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Özyeğin University, İstanbul, Turkey

    Murat Uysal

  2. Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Carlo Capsoni

  3. Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

    Zabih Ghassemlooy

  4. Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Peloponnese, Tripolis, Arkadhia, Greece

    Anthony Boucouvalas

  5. Department of Broadband Infocommunication and Electromagnetic Theory, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

    Eszter Udvary

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Wolf, M., Cheema, S.A., Haardt, M. (2016). Block Transmission with Frequency Domain Equalization for VLC. In: Uysal, M., Capsoni, C., Ghassemlooy, Z., Boucouvalas, A., Udvary, E. (eds) Optical Wireless Communications. Signals and Communication Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30201-0_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30201-0_13

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