Introduction

Abstract

Production of drinkable water for human consumption and for other supply purposes, as well as exploitation of available geo-resources by human intervention, are the main characteristics of the geological subsurface. Protection and sustainable management of water resources is one of the key problems in environmental engineering. Modeling and forecasting of soil and ground water contamination in industrial areas and in large scale agricultural land pose new challenges in geosciences. In this aspect, accurate modeling and simulation of coupled ground and surface water flows is a necessity. Chemically reactive components such as dissolved minerals, colloids, or contaminants are transported by advection and diffusion over long distances through some highly heterogeneous porous media.