Abstract
At the time of the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran, I was a Grade 9 student participating in demonstrations against Shah – though I admit that I viewed these activities mostly as a hobby and a way to shut down our classes. Due to the political turmoil, all universities were closed for what turned out to be three years. Even longer was the war between Iran and Iraq that lasted for eight years.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akrami, Syed Kazam (2013): I was against NonGovernmental Schools: An Interview
with Former Minister of Education. http://fararu.com/fa/…/ ‑مداﺍرﺭسﺱ‑مخالف‑اﺍکرمیبودﺩ‑غﯿﻴراﺍنتفاعی …, [in Farsi]
Aryan, Khateje (2011): Effective Factors on Tendency of Students, Parents, and Teachers toward Private Supplementary Tutoring and its Consequences, Unpublished Research, Tehran: AllameTabatabaie University. [in Farsi]
Azar, Adel; KholamRezaie, Davood; DanaeeFard, Hasan & Khodadad Hosayni, Hamid (2013): ‘An Analysis of Higher Education Quality in the Fifth Development Plan’. Journal of Strategy for Culture, Vol.21, pp.139-173. [in Farsi]
Bray, Mark (2009): Confronting the Shadow Education System: What Government Policies for What Private Tutoring? Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP). Farsi translation by Abbas Madandar Arani published 2013 by Tuloo Edarnesh, Tehran.
Canen, Ana (1995): ‘Teacher Education in an Intercultural Perspective: A Parallel between Brazil and the UK’. Compare: A Journal of Comparative Education, Vol.25, No.3, pp.227-238.
Enayati, Teraneh; Zamani, Farshideh & Ghorbani, Talate (2012): ‘A Survey on Research Barriers from Middle Secondary School Teachers’ Perspectives in Behshare’. New Approach in Educational Management, Vol.3, No.4, pp.189-205. [in Farsi]
Fazali, Namatollah & Mozayen, Farahsteh (2013): ‘Interpretations of Female Students about School Uniform in Higher Secondary Schools of Tehran’. Journal of Sociology, Vol.14, No.2, pp.123-152. www.isa.org.ir/magazine-article/6050 [in Farsi]
Gray, Anne (2004): ‘The Social Capital of Social Researchers’, in Edwards, Rosalind (ed.), Social Capital in the Field: Researchers’ Tales. London: London South Bank University, pp.8-10. http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/ahs/downloads/families/familieswp10.pdf
Islamic Parliament of Iran (1979): Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. http://parliran.ir [in Farsi]
Kazemipour, Shahla (2010): ‘Development and Composition of Population in Iran: A Prospective Approach’, Quarterly Journal of Second Interpretation’. Vol.7, No.11-12, pp.75-108. http://www.ensani.ir/storage/Files/20120504165135-9013-3.pdf [in Farsi]
Madandar Arani, Abbas (2014): ‘The Role of Institutions, Organizations and Individuals in Suspension of Non-Governmental Schools: A Semantic Reconstruction’. Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovations, Vol.13, No.51, pp.73-96. [in Farsi]
Manzon, Maria (2014): ‘Comparing Places’, in Bray, Mark; Adamson, Bob & Mason, Mark (eds.), Comparative Education Research: Approaches and Methods. CERC Studies in Comparative Education 19, 2nd edition, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, and Dordrecht: Springer, pp.97-138.
MohsaniNeya, Mohammad Javad (1999): ‘Budget and Budgeting in Education’. Quarterly Journal of Management in Education, Vol.6, No.22, pp.71-93. http://www.ensani.ir/storage/Files/20120506095817-7077-18.pdf [in Farsi]
Moradi, Mahmoud; Dustar, Mohammad; Ghaderifar, Esmaeil & Zanjani, Behnaz (2013): ‘Identifying and Prioritizing the Barriers to Research: Case Study of Research Centers of Ministry of Science, Research and Technology’. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, Vol.6, No.1, pp.35-47. [in Farsi]
Motahari, Mortaza (2001): Women’s Rights in Islam, Tehran: Sadra. http://www.aviny.KeyWords/library/motahari/for/nezamezan [in Farsi]
Mousavi, Yaghob; ZaerSabet, Forough (2011): ‘A Sociological Study of Structural and Human Barriers on Development of Applied Social Research in Iran’. Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies, Vol.3, No.2, pp.7-34. [in Farsi]
NajadMosavi, Sayed Ali (2012): Parents and High School Students’ Perspectives on Private Supplementary Tutoring and its Relationship with Family Costs: A Case Study in Ahwaz City, MA Thesis, Kurdistan University. [in Farsi]
Najmabadi, Afsaneh (1987): ‘Iran’s Turn to Islam: From Modernism to a Moral Order’. Middle East Journal, Vol.41, No.2, pp.202-217.
Ravanshadniya, Mehdi (2014): ‘Research Challenges in Iran’. Tehran: Aftab News Agency. http://aftabnews.ir/fa/news/275808/ [in Farsi]
Saki, Reza (2006): Educational Research and its Challenges, Quarterly Journal of Education, Vol. 22. No. 1, pp. 65-106, [in Farsi]
SCImago (2013): SJR — SCImago Journal & Country Rank. http://www.scimagojr. com/countryrank.php
Shavarini, K. Mitra (2005): ‘The Feminisation of Iranian Higher Education’. Review of Education, Vol.51, No.4, pp.329-347.
Shirbagi, Naser (2011): ‘Increasing Tendency on Private Supplementary Tutoring: Students, Parents and Teachers’ Views’. Journal of Educational Studies, Vol.7, No.13, pp.73-102. [in Farsi]
Tavakoli, Hossain (2014): ‘Details of the Konkur’, JameJam News Agency, June 3. http://www.jamejamonline.ir/newspreview/1517262385521423940
UNESCO (2000): The EFA 2000 Assessment: Country Report - Iran. http://www.unesco.org/education/wef/countryreports/iran/rapport_2_4.html
Vista News Hub (2015): Quota for Boys’ University Entrance, 3 January. http://vista.ir/…/ دﺩاﺍنشگاهﻩ -سﮭﻬمﯿﻴﮫﻪ بندیﯼ براﺍیﯼ وﻭرﺭوﻭدﺩ پسراﺍنﻥ بﮫﻪ [in Farsi]
Weinberger, W. Caspar (1975): ‘Social Goals and Individual Freedom’. Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol.5, No.4, pp.19-23.
YarMohammadian, Ahmad; Sohrabi, Nadere & Arizi, HamidReza (2003): ‘A Comparison of the Konkur’s Influence on Universities’ Accepted and Rejected Students and Their Families’. Psychological Studies, Vol.1, No.2, pp.119-136. [in Farsi]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Arani, A.M. (2016). Researching Shadow Education in Iran: Methodological Experiences in an Islamic Republic. In: Bray, M., Kwo, O., Jokić, B. (eds) Researching Private Supplementary Tutoring. CERC Studies in Comparative Education, vol 32. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30042-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30042-9_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-30041-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-30042-9
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)