Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Researching Private Supplementary Tutoring in Cambodia: Contexts, Instruments and Approaches

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Researching Private Supplementary Tutoring

Part of the book series: CERC Studies in Comparative Education ((CERC,volume 32))

  • 909 Accesses

Abstract

Cambodia is widely known as a country with a long history exemplified by the Angkor Wat temple, that greatly suffered in the 1970s under the Khmer Rouge regime led by Pol Pot, and that has since developed at remarkable albeit unsteady speed as a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alvesson, Mats & Skoldberg, Kaj (2009): Reflexive Methodology: New Vistas for Qualitative Research. 2nd edition. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aniekwe, Chika C.; Hayman, Rachel & Mdee, Anna (2012): Academic- NGO Collaboration in International Development Research: A Reflection on the Issues. London: Development Studies Association. www.intrac.org/data/files/resources/750/Academic-NGO-Collaboration-in-International-Development_September-2012.pdf

  • Ayres, David (2003): Anatomy of a Crisis: Education, Development, and the State in Cambodia, 1953-1998. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benveniste, Luis; Marshall, Jeffery & Araujo, M. Caridad (2008): Teaching in Cambodia. Washington DC: Human Development Sector, East Asia and Pacific Region, The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blatchford, Peter (2003): ‘A Systematic Observational Study of Teachers’ and Pupils’ Behaviour in Large and Small Classes’. Learning and Instruction, Vol.13, No.6, pp.569-595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blatchford, Peter; Russell, Anthony; Bassett, Paul; Brown, Penelope & Martin, Clare (2007): ‘The Effect of Class Size on the Teaching of Pupils aged 7-11 Years’. School Effectiveness and School Improvement: An International Journal of Research, Policy and Practice, Vol.18, No.2, pp.147-172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bray, Mark (1996): Counting the Full Cost: Household and Community Financing of Education in East Asia. Washington DC: The World Bank in collaboration with UNICEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bray, Mark (1999): The Private Costs of Public Schooling: Household and Community Financing of Primary Education in Cambodia. Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) in collaboration with UNICEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bray, Mark (2008): Double-Shift Schooling: Design and Operation for School Effectiveness. 3rd edition. Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bray, Mark & Bunly, Seng (2005): Balancing the Books: Household Financing of Basic Education in Cambodia. Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong and Washington DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brehm, William C. (2015): Enacting Educational Spaces: A Landscape Portrait of Privatization in Cambodia. PhD thesis, The University of Hong Kong.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brehm, William C. & Edwards, D. Brent (2014): ‘The Many Spaces of Learning: Private Tutoring and Education for All’. Norrag News, Vol.50, pp.49-51. http://www.norrag.org/de/publications/norrag-news/online-version/the-global-politics-of-teaching-and-learning-the-real-story-of-educational-cultures-and-contexts-june-2014/detail/the-many-spaces-of-learning-private-tutoring-and-post-2015-education-for-all.html

  • Brehm, William C. & Silova, Iveta (2014): ‘Hidden Privatization of Public Education in Cambodia: Equity Implications of Private Tutoring’. Journal of Educational Research Online, Vol.6, No.1, pp.94-116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brehm, William C.; Silova, Iveta & Tuot, Mono (2012): The Public-Private Education System in Cambodia: The Impact and Implications of Complementary Tutoring. Budapest: Education Support Program, Open Society Foundations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cambodia, Ministry of Planning (2013): Economic Census of Cambodia 2011: Provincial Report – 17 Siem Reap Province. Phnom Penh: National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning. http://www.stat.go.jp/info/meetings/cambodia/pdf/ec_pr17.pdf

  • Cambodia, Ministry of Planning (2014): National Strategic Development Plan 2014-2018. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cambodia, MoEYS (2004): Policy for Curriculum Development 2005-2009. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Education, Youth & Sport.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cambodia, MoEYS (2007): Child Friendly Schools Policy. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Education, Youth & Sport. http://www.moeys.gov.kh/en/policies-and-strategies/child-friendly-school-policy.html#.VSIQpIeIp9A

  • Cambodia, MoEYS (2010): Education Strategic Plan 2009-2013. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Education, Youth & Sport. http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Cambodia/Cambodia_Education_Strategic_Plan_2009-2013.pdf

  • Cambodia, MoEYS (2014): Education Strategic Plan 2014-2018. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Education, Youth & Sport. http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Cambodia/Cambodia_Education_Strategic_Plan_2014-2018.pdf

  • Chhinh, Sitha & Dy, Sideth S. (2009): ‘Education Reform Context and Process in Cambodia’, in Hirosato, Yasushi & Kitamura, Yuto (eds.), The Political Economy of Educational Reforms and Capacity Development in Southeast Asia: Cases of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Dordrecht: Springer, pp.113-129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, Louis, Manion, Lawrence & Morrison, Keith (2011): ‘Research Methods in Education’. 7th edition. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, Walter (2009): ‘The Tricks of the Teacher: Shadow Education and Corruption in Cambodia’, in Heyneman, Stephen P. (ed.), Buying Your Way into Heaven: Education and Corruption in International Perspective. Rotterdam: Sense, pp.51-74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, Walter (2010): ‘Private Tutoring and Mass Schooling in East Asia: Reflections of Inequality in Japan, South Korea, and Cambodia’. Asia Pacific Education Review, Vol.11, No.1, pp.14-24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, Jakob (2011): Rebuilding Basic Education in Cambodia: Establishing a More Effective Development Partnership. London: Overseas Development Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finlay, Linda (2002): ‘Negotiating the Swamp: The Opportunity and Challenge of Reflexivity in Research Practice’. Qualitative Research, Vol.2, No.2, pp.209-230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geeves, Richard & Bredenberg, Kurt (2005): Contract Teachers in Cambodia. Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, Cynthia; Phillips, Nelson & Clegg, Stewart (2001): ‘Reflexivity in Organization and Management Theory: A Study of the Production of the Research ‘Subject’’. Human Relations, Vol.54, No.4, pp.531-560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayachandran, Seema (2014): ‘Incentives to Teach Badly: After-school Tutoring in Developing Countries’. Journal of Development Economics, Vol.108, May, pp.190-205.

    Google Scholar 

  • McTaggart, Robin (2013): ‘Evolving Ethics in Educational Research’, in Reid, Alan D.; Hart, E. Paul & Peters, Michael A. (eds.), A Companion to Research in Education. Dordrecht: Springer, pp.457-469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, Matthew & Huberman, Michael A. (1994): ‘Qualitative data analysis: An expanded source book’. 2nd edition. Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • NGO Education Partnership (2007): The Impact of Informal School Fees on Family Expenditure. Phnom Penh: NGO Education Partnership.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponniah, Kevin (2014). ‘Cambodia Crackdown on Corruption in Schools Scores Low with Exam Cheats’. The Guardian, 2 September. http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/sep/02/cambodia-corruption-crackdown-exam-cheats

  • Robbins, Jill (2015): ‘New Minister Cleans up Cambodia’s Education System’. Voice of America, 30 January. http://learningenglish.voanews.com/content/cambodia-education-system-cleanup/2599977.html

  • Seidman, Irving (1998): Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. 2nd edition. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tandon, Prateek & Fukao, Tsuyoshi (2015): Educating the Next Generation: Improving Teacher Quality in Cambodia. Directions in Development, Washington DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • TLC (2010): Child Protection Policy. Siem Reap: This Life Cambodia. http://www.thislifecambodia.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/TLC_2013_ChildProtectionPolicyEnglish.pdf

  • UNDP (2014): Curbing Private Tutoring and Informal Fees in Cambodia’s Basic Education. Phnom Penh: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Comparative Education Research Centre, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

    Mark Bray, Wei Zhang, Magda Nutsa Kobakhidze & Junyan Liu

Authors
  1. Mark Bray
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wei Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Magda Nutsa Kobakhidze
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Junyan Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark Bray .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

    Mark Bray

  2. Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Ora Kwo

  3. Centre for Educational Research and Deve, Institute for Social Research in Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

    Boris Jokić

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bray, M., Zhang, W., Kobakhidze, M.N., Liu, J. (2016). Researching Private Supplementary Tutoring in Cambodia: Contexts, Instruments and Approaches. In: Bray, M., Kwo, O., Jokić, B. (eds) Researching Private Supplementary Tutoring. CERC Studies in Comparative Education, vol 32. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30042-9_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30042-9_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-30041-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-30042-9

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation