Abstract
Damage detection systems based on various technologies—such as Comparative Vacuum Monitoring, Electro-Mechanical Impedance, Acoustic Emission, and Lamb Waves—have been investigated by the major aircraft manufacturers over the last decade. The main focus of the investigations is to determine the possible application scenarios for these technologies, anticipating potential benefits for the commercial aircraft scheduled maintenance programs. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) damage detection solutions have the potential to reduce aircraft operators direct maintenance costs and fleet downtime. In order to provide a common understanding, scope, and key elements for SHM it was produced by an SAE technical committee the ARP6461 document, encompassing guidelines for the implementation of Structural Health Monitoring for civil aviation. The document includes guidelines for development, validation, verification, and certification of damage detection systems. Although not being implemented as current inspection tools, the SHM damage detection systems have demonstrated progress for finding damages in different types of structures. Embraer is one of these major commercial aircraft manufacturers which have extensively tested different technologies, from coupons to aircraft test beds.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
A4A/ATA MSG-3 (2009), Operator/Manufacturer Scheduled Maintenance Development; Revision 2009.1, Air Transport Association (ATA) of America, Inc., available from ATA http://www.airlines.org. MSG-3 reference and extracted details are provided courtesy of Air Transport Association of America, Inc. Copyright (c) 2009 by ATA of America, Inc
C. Adams, Understanding MSG-3. Aviation today (2009), http://www.aviationtoday.com/am/repairstations/Understanding-MSG-3_33062.html
Aeronautical Structures Tests Report. Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais
M. Bach et al., Self-diagnostic capabilities of piezoelectric transducers using the electromechanical impedance, in 6th International Workshop on SHM, 2007
U. Berger, Onboard—SHM for life time prediction and damage detection on aircraft structure using fibre optical sensor and Lamb Wave technology, in 6th European Workshop on SHM, 2012.
C. Boller et al., History of SHM for commercial transport aircraft, in Encyclopedia of Structural Health Monitoring (Wiley, New York, 2009), Chapter 96, pp. 1–2
K.S. Brown et al., Hot spot monitoring of a composite wing, in 7th International Workshop on SHM, 2009
S.W. Doebling, C.R. Farrar, M.B. Prime, D.W. Shevitz, Damage identification and health monitoring of structural and mechanical systems from changes in their vibration characteristics: a literature review. Technical Report, No. LA-13070-MS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1996
C.M. Doherty, M. Lindroos, D.P. Barton, Structural health monitoring of aircraft using CVM, in 4th Australian Pacific Vertiflite Conference on Helicopter Technology, 2003
F. Dotta et al., Early results of Lamb waves approach to assess corrosion damage using direct image path in an aeronautical aluminum alloy, in 8th International Workshop on SHM, 2011
B. Eckstein et al., Large scale monitoring of CFRP structures by acousto-ultrasonics—a flight test experience, in 9th International Workshop on SHM, 2013
Flightglobal News Website, Boeing opts for vacuum crack sensor (2005), http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing-opts-for-vacuum-crack-sensor-212710/
V. Giurgiutiu, Tuned lamb wave excitation and detection with piezoelectric wafer active sensors for structural health monitoring. J. Intel. Mater. Syst. Struct. 16(2), 291–305 (2005)
J.-B. Ihn, F.-K. Chang, Detection and monitoring of hidden fatigue crack growth using a built-in piezoelectric sensor/actuator network: I. Diagnostics. Smart Mater. Struct. 13, 609–620 (2004)
J.-B. Ihn et al., Development and performance quantification of an ultrasonic structural health monitoring system for monitoring fatigue cracks on a complex aircraft structure, in 8th International Workshop on SHM, 2011
A. Jalloh, Effects of piezoelectric (PZT) sensor bonding and the characteristics of the host structure on impedance based structural health monitoring. Nasa Faculty Fellowship Program, Mechanical Engineering Department Alabama A&M University, Normal, 2004
R.M. Kent, D.A. Murphy, Health monitoring system technology assessments—cost benefits analysis, NASA/CR-2000209848, 2000
C. Liang, F.P. Sun, C.A. Rogers, Coupled electromechanical analysis of adaptive material system—determination of actuator power consumption and system energy transfer. J. Intel. Mater. Syst. Struct. 5, 12–20 (1994)
V.V. Matveev, A.P. Bovsunovsky, Vibration-based diagnostics of fatigue damage of beam-like structures. J. Sound Vib. 249, 23–40 (2002)
J.R.V. Moura Jr., V. Steffen Jr., Damage detection techniques for aeronautic structures. XXIII IMAC, 2005
C. Paget et al., Triangulation algorithm for damage location in aeronautical composite structures. in 4th International Workshop on SHM, 2003
C. Paget et al., Damage assessment in a full-scale aircraft wing by modified acoustic emission, in 2nd European Workshop on SHM, 2004
C. Paget et al., Validation of SHM sensors in Airbus A380 full-scale fatigue test, in Encyclopedia of Structural Health Monitoring (Wiley, New York, 2009), Chapter 92, pp. 1839–1848
G. Park et al., Overview of piezoelectric impedance-based health monitoring and path forward. Shock Vib. Dig. 35(6), 451–463 (2003)
D. Piotrowski et al., Implementation of structural health monitoring (SHM) into an Airline Maintenance Program, in 10th International Workshop on SHM, 2015
D. Roach, J. Pinsonnault, Use of mountable sensors to address periodic inspections for cracks on regional aircraft, in 7th International Workshop on SHM, 2009
D. Roach et al., Application and certification of comparative vacuum monitoring sensors for in-situ crack detection. Air Transport Association Nondestructive Testing Forum, 2006
R.P. Rulli, P.A. Silva, Embraer perspective for maintenance plan improvements by using SHM, in 3rd Asia-Pacific Workshop on SHM, 2010
R.P. Rulli, P.A. Silva, Overview of CVM technology tests performed by Embraer, in 8th International Workshop on SHM, 2011
R.P. Rulli et al., Flight tests performed by EMBRAER with SHM Systems, in Key Engineering Materials, vol. 558 (Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, 2013), pp. 305–313. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.558.305
SAE International, Press Release: SAE International Creates First-Ever Guidelines for Structural Health Monitoring of Commercial Aircraft, 2013
L.G. dos Santos, Embraer perspective on the introduction of SHM into current and future commercial aviation programs, in 8th International Workshop on SHM, 2011
L.G. dos Santos, Embraer perspective on the challenges for the introduction of scheduled SHM (S-SHM) applications into commercial aviation maintenance programs, in Key Engineering Materials, vol. 558 (Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, 2013), pp. 323–330. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.558.323
H.-J. Schmidt et al., Application of structural health monitoring to improve efficiency of aircraft structure, in 2nd European Workshop on SHM, 2004
H. Stehmeier, H. Speckmann, Comparative vacuum monitoring (CVM): monitoring of fatigue cracking in aircraft structures, in 2nd European Workshop on SHM, 2004
I.A. Viktrov, Rayleigh and Lamb Waves: Physical Theory and Applications (Plenum, New York, 1967)
L. Wenk, MSG-3 (Maintenance Steering Group 3) guidance update on using SHM for continued airworthiness of aero structures, in 5th European Workshop on SHM, 2010
D.C. Zhang et al., Large sensor network architectures for monitoring large-scale structures, in 8th International Workshop on SHM, 2011
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rulli, R.P., Bueno, C.G.G., Dotta, F., da Silva, P.A. (2016). Damage Detection Systems for Commercial Aviation. In: Lopes Junior, V., Steffen Jr., V., Savi, M. (eds) Dynamics of Smart Systems and Structures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29982-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29982-2_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29981-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29982-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)