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Airway Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Diseases of the Central Airways

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

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Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with a variety of pulmonary disorder. Although disorders of central airways are the most common form of respiratory diseases, recent epidemiological studies also suggest a higher than expected prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with IBD. Clinical presentation of central airway obstruction in IBD varies from chronic cough and sputum production to acute respiratory failure needing intubation and mechanical ventilation. Many patients develop respiratory complications for the first time months to years after undergoing colectomy. A high index of suspicion is needed for early recognition of airway disease associated with IBD. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) may be normal or may reveal airflow obstruction and abnormal flow volume loop. Chest computed tomography (CT) is the most useful imaging modality. Bronchoscopy provides most critical diagnostic information and should be performed without delay when involvement of central airways is clinically suspected. Systemic corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment. Inhaled corticosteroids may be sufficient in patients with mild disease. A careful clinical follow-up supplemented by PFTs, radiological imaging, and bronchoscopy is essential for optimal outcome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pulmonary and Critical Care, Louis A Johnson VA Medical Center, Clarksburg, WV, 26301, USA

    Shekhar Ghamande & Prasoon Jain

  2. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Shekhar Ghamande

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  1. Shekhar Ghamande
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  2. Prasoon Jain
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Correspondence to Shekhar Ghamande .

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  1. Family Endowed Chair in Lung Transplanta, Lerner College of Medicine Buoncore, Clevland, Ohio, USA

    Atul C. Mehta

  2. Louis A Johnson VA Medical Center, Fairmont, West Virginia, USA

    Prasoon Jain

  3. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Thomas R. Gildea

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Ghamande, S., Jain, P. (2016). Airway Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Mehta, A., Jain, P., Gildea, T. (eds) Diseases of the Central Airways. Respiratory Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29830-6_3

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