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Nanoporous Metals for Advanced Energy Technologies pp 175–209Cite as

Nanoporous Metals for Li Battery Applications

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Abstract

Electrode materials with nanoporous structures have been widely investigated and gained great success in Li-ion batteries and Li-air batteries. Compared with normal electrodes, they usually show improved electrochemical performance which are mainly originated from the following aspects: (1) 3D bicontinuous architectures provide high surface areas readily accessible by carrier charges and electrolyte; (2) porous structure at nanometer scale allows the reducing of the Li-ion diffusion length between the electrolyte and the electrode, and also the diffusion pathway inner the active materials; (3) the residual space in the electrode composite can accommodate large volume expansion during discharging–charging processes. In this chapter, the research progress of nanoporous electrode materials both in Li-ion batteries and Li-air batteries are summarized. As in Li-ion batteries, nanoporous framework can be adopted as a 3D scaffold, upon which various electrode materials have been deposited, including metals, alloys, metal oxides, metal sulfides, and insertion materials. The large volume expansion accommodation ability and good conductivity of 3D framework promise the improved battery performance. By introducing the nanoporous gold and metal oxides/nanoporous gold as cathode in Li-air battery, ultrastable cycle performance can be achieved which is rarely seen in traditional materials. In addition, novel nanoporous metals can also be fabricated by electrochemical delithiation from Li-metals alloys, corresponding to a charging mechanism in Li-ion battery. This phenomenon has been explored to be a versatile template-free method for the synthesis of not only transition metals but also metal oxides with large surface area and pronounced nanoporosity. The conclusion part of this chapter briefly summarized the mechanism of performance improvement by nanoporous metals framework and also point out the new research direction of nanoporous metal-based electrodes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China

    Yi Ding

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China

    Zhonghua Zhang

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  1. Yi Ding
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  2. Zhonghua Zhang
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Correspondence to Yi Ding .

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Cite this chapter

Ding, Y., Zhang, Z. (2016). Nanoporous Metals for Li Battery Applications. In: Nanoporous Metals for Advanced Energy Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29749-1_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29749-1_5

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29747-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29749-1

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

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