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The Evolutionary Etiologies of Autism Spectrum and Psychotic Affective Spectrum Disorders

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Evolutionary Thinking in Medicine

Abstract

Risks of human psychiatric conditions have evolved, and their symptoms represent perturbations to adaptive cognitive and affective systems. Evolutionary considerations are useful in this context because they direct us to the identification of specific human adaptations that become dysregulated in disease, though either underdevelopment or overdevelopment. Autism is thus conceptualized in terms of underdeveloped social cognition, such that the highly elaborated human social brain does not complete its usual developmental trajectory. Psychotic affective conditions, mainly schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression, are, in contrast to autism, conceptualized in terms of dysfunctionally overdeveloped aspects of social cognition, such that they are caused by opposite neural system alterations to those producing autism. The hypothesis that autism and psychotic affective conditions represent diametric disorders is supported by a wide range of convergent evidence from genetics, development, neuroscience, psychology, and cognitive science. The diametric model provides for reciprocal illumination of the causes of these conditions and makes specific recommendations for research strategies and the development of novel treatments.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada

    Prof. Bernard J. Crespi Ph.D.

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Crespi, B.J. (2016). The Evolutionary Etiologies of Autism Spectrum and Psychotic Affective Spectrum Disorders. In: Alvergne, A., Jenkinson, C., Faurie, C. (eds) Evolutionary Thinking in Medicine. Advances in the Evolutionary Analysis of Human Behaviour. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29716-3_20

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