Abstract
This study deals with the optical properties of camera-monitor-systems (CMS) used in road vehicles. The goal is to specify the requirements for such systems in a way that the human perception of the presented scene does not differ in any critical way from the perception obtained by direct view or via classical mirror solutions. To arrive at objective and verifiable requirement specifications, it is important to define measurable physical quantities that completely determine the system behavior with respect to the resulting optical stimulus. As a prerequisite, first a short review of the basic photometric and radiometric measures and their interrelations is presented. Furthermore, the crucial quantities for the given application are identified, and typical values are given that are needed for the practical assessment of a given CMS. Second, image artifacts induced by spurious reflections, scattering and other shortcomings of the lens system that are related to stray light are examined. This is particularly important for the application of CMS in road vehicles, as these camera systems have to be able to render poorly lit scenes and at the same time cope with the intense headlights of trailing or approaching cars. Finally, in order to assess the performance of a given CMS in this respect, corresponding measurement setups and test procedures are proposed.
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Notes
- 1.
Mind that this definition has been changed in 1979 by the CGPM (Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures)!
- 2.
Coherent effects which may actually result in a reduction of image illuminance by destructive interference are not considered.
- 3.
The fact that the reflected spurious ray has to pass through a larger number of lens elements than a regular ray and therefore will additionally suffer from a higher transmission loss has been neglected.
- 4.
Resp. required.
References
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Acknowledgments
We thank Paul van Walree for permitting the use of the photos in Figs. 12 and 14. The main part of this work has been conducted as part of a joint project of AUDI AG and the OSMIN group at the Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. We thank Prof. Dr. Gerd Häusler for interesting and helpful discussions.
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Faber, C., Heinemann, P. (2016). Optical Effects in Camera Monitor Systems. In: Terzis, A. (eds) Handbook of Camera Monitor Systems. Augmented Vision and Reality, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29611-1_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29611-1_6
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