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Adaptation of Cartilage to Immobilization

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Exercise in Space

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Space Life Sciences ((BRIEFSSLS))

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Abstract

Articular cartilage is essential for unconfined function of the musculoskeletal system. The effects of immobilization on hyaline cartilage have been investigated for many decades in cell and animal models, and it is known that normal mechanical loading, as experienced in daily life, is essential for cartilage health. Because of the slow rate of metabolism of cartilage, the time line for intervention experiments needs to be longer than for other skeletal tissues and the regenerative capacity of the cartilage is very limited, once degradation occurs. Thus, performing unloading experiments in healthy humans is difficult. A few studies have been performed in patient cohorts that experienced unloading due to injury, and the results suggest that human cartilage health is negatively affected by unloading.

Space flight research offers a unique opportunity to investigate musculoskeletal tissue adaptation to immobilization in either bed rest or Space flight experiments. Data on cartilage health are sparse but suggest that it is necessary to assess the risk of cartilage deconditioning during extensive human Space travel. Results from this context offer the unique possibility to broaden our understanding of the role of mechanical loading for tissue health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Köln, Germany

    A.-M. Liphardt, G.-P. Brüggemann & A. Niehoff

  2. Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany

    A.-M. Liphardt

  3. Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany

    G.-P. Brüggemann & A. Niehoff

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  1. A.-M. Liphardt
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  3. A. Niehoff
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  1. German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany

    Stefan Schneider

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Liphardt, AM., Brüggemann, GP., Niehoff, A. (2016). Adaptation of Cartilage to Immobilization. In: Schneider, S. (eds) Exercise in Space. SpringerBriefs in Space Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29571-8_2

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