Abstract
Peripheral nervous system involvement is the most commonly observed condition in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS), and its clinical manifestations are highly heterogeneous. The peripheral nervous system can be variously involved, but the most frequently affected sites are the dorsal ganglia and presynaptic nerve endings of the neuromuscular junction. While peripheral nervous system damage can be induced by various mechanisms in patients with systemic malignancy, in patients with paraneoplastic neuropathy, it is usually of autoimmune origin and only rarely associated with direct tumour infiltration or caused by chemotherapy. Metabolic-related causes are also uncommon. PNS arise in less than 1 % of patients with malignancy, preceding the diagnosis of cancer by months or even years in the majority of cases [43]. Specific serological markers can be used to screen for classical paraneoplastic syndromes, as defined by Graus et al. [22]. Subacute sensory neuropathy and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) are classified as classical syndromes. Onconeural antibodies directed against neural antigens expressed by the tumour may occur in most affected patients, suggesting an underlying autoimmune process [19].
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Giometto, B., Grisold, A., Grisold, W. (2016). Paraneoplastic Diseases of the Peripheral Nervous System. In: Angelini, C. (eds) Acquired Neuromuscular Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29514-5_17
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