Abstract
Ophthalmic drug delivery systems include a range of pharmaceutical dosage forms capable of either topical or systemic drug delivery. Nanovesicular drug delivery systems have been explored extensively for various such ophthalmic applications. Drug delivery using the nanovesicular systems requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the eye to determine the barriers and pathways. A good vesicular system is able to utilize these pathways and cross the barriers efficiently to deliver drugs to either topical or systemic tissues. Nanovesicular systems offer several advantages including good permeability, prolonged residence/contact time, sustained release profiles, easy administration, and are often patient compliant. Liposomes, niosomes, pharmacosomes, and spanlastics are some of the frequently studied nanovesicular drug delivery systems for ophthalmic applications. Multiple commercial ophthalmic liposomal products are available; however, many more are still being evaluated and are pending clinical trials. Formulation and development of these vesicular delivery systems has evolved in the past few decades to resolve issues related to vesicular aggregation, collapse of the vesicular system, and toxicity concerns. Approaches such as surface modification to avoid aggregation and use of cyclodextrin polymers for enhanced drug loading and stability are some of the examples. Overall, nanovesicles for ophthalmic drug delivery are a promising approach to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug candidates efficiently.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Patel PB, Shastri D, Shelat PK, Shukla AK (2010) Ophthalmic drug delivery system: challenges and approaches. Syst Rev Pharm 1:8
Barar J, Asadi M, Mortazavi-Tabatabaei SA, Omidi Y (2009) Ocular drug delivery; Impact of in vitro cell culture models. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 4:238–252
Mishra GP, Bagui M, Tamboli V, Mitra AK (2011) Recent applications of liposomes in ophthalmic drug delivery. J Drug Deliv 2011:863734
Bourlais CL, Acar L, Zia H, Sado PA, Needham T, Leverge R (1998) Ophthalmic drug delivery systems – recent advances. Prog Retin Eye Res 17:33–58
Felt O, Furrer P, Mayer JM, Plazonnet B, BURI P, Gurny R (1999) Topical use of chitosan in ophthalmology: tolerance assessment and evaluation of precorneal retention. Int J Pharm 180:185–193
Sasaki H, Karasawa K, Hironaka K, Tahara K, Tozuka Y, Takeuchi H (2013) Retinal drug delivery using eyedrop preparations of poly-L-lysine-modified liposomes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 83:364–369
Schaeffer HE, Krohn DL (1982) Liposomes in topical drug delivery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 22:220–227
Smolin G, Okumoto M, Feiler S, Condon D (1981) Idoxuridine-liposome therapy for herpes simplex keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol 91:220–225
Velpandian T, Narayanan K, Nag TC, Ravi AK, Gupta SK (2006) Retinal toxicity of intravitreally injected plain and liposome formulation of fluconazole in rabbit eye. Indian J Ophthalmol 54:237–240
Zhang R, He R, Qian J, Guo J, Xue K, Yuan YF (2010) Treatment of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis with intravitreal injection of tacrolimus (FK506) encapsulated in liposomes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51:3575–3582
Abdelbary G (2011) Ocular ciprofloxacin hydrochloride mucoadhesive chitosan-coated liposomes. Pharm Dev Technol 16:44–56
Natarajan JV, Ang M, Darwitan A, Chattopadhyay S, Wong TT, Venkatraman SS (2012) Nanomedicine for glaucoma: liposomes provide sustained release of latanoprost in the eye. Int J Nanomedicine 7:123–131
Mokhtar Ibrahim M, Tawfique SA, Mahdy MM (2014) Liposomal diltiazem HCl as ocular drug delivery system for glaucoma. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 40:765–773
Davis BM, Normando EM, Guo L, Turner LA, Nizari S, O’shea P, Moss SE, Somavarapu S, Cordeiro MF (2014) Topical delivery of Avastin to the posterior segment of the eye in vivo using annexin A5-associated liposomes. Small 10:1575–1584
Yu S, Wang QM, Wang X, Liu D, Zhang W, Ye T, Yang X, Pan W (2015) Liposome incorporated ion sensitive in situ gels for opthalmic delivery of timolol maleate. Int J Pharm 480:128–136
Souza JG, Dias K, Pereira TA, Bernardi DS, Lopez RF (2014) Topical delivery of ocular therapeutics: carrier systems and physical methods. J Pharm Pharmacol 66:507–530
Sahoo RK, Biswas N, Guha A, Sahoo N, Kuotsu K (2014) Nonionic surfactant vesicles in ocular delivery: innovative approaches and perspectives. Biomed Res Int 2014:263604
Abdelkader H, Ismail S, Kamal A, Alany RG (2011) Design and evaluation of controlled-release niosomes and discomes for naltrexone hydrochloride ocular delivery. J Pharm Sci 100:1833–1846
Vyas SP, Mysore N, Jaitely V, Venkatesan N (1998) Discoidal niosome based controlled ocular delivery of timolol maleate. Pharmazie 53:466–469
Abdelkader H, Wu Z, Al-Kassas R, Alany RG (2012) Niosomes and discomes for ocular delivery of naltrexone hydrochloride: morphological, rheological, spreading properties and photo-protective effects. Int J Pharm 433:142–148
Prabhu P, Nitish KR, Koland M, Harish N, Vijayanarayan K, Dhondge G, Charyulu R (2010) Preparation and evaluation of nano-vesicles of brimonidine tartrate as an ocular drug delivery system. J Young Pharm 2:356–361
Akhtar N (2013) Vesicular ocular drug delivery system: preclinical and clinical perspective of drugs delivered via niosomes. Int J Biopharm 4:11
Maiti S, Paul S, Mondol R, Ray S, Sa B (2011) Nanovesicular formulation of brimonidine tartrate for the management of glaucoma: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 12:755–763
Gupta N, Shrivastava V, Saxena S, Pandey A (2010) Formulation and evaluation of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) for ocular delivery of ofloxacin. Int J Pharm Life Sci 1:413–418
Karthikeyan D, Pandey VP (2009) Study on ocular absorption of diclofenac sodium niosome in rabbits eye. Pharmacologyonline 1:769–779
Kaur IP, Garg A, Singla AK, Aggarwal D (2004) Vesicular systems in ocular drug delivery: an overview. Int J Pharm 269:1–14
Patidar S, Jain S (2012) Non-ionic surfactant based vesicles (Niosomes) containing Flupirtine Maleate as an ocular drug delivery system. J Chem Pharm Res 4:4495–4500
Abdelbary G, El-Gendy N (2008) Niosome-encapsulated gentamicin for ophthalmic controlled delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 9:740–747
Yasin MN, Hussain S, Malik F, Hameed A, Sultan T, Qureshi F, Riaz H, Perveen G, Wajid A (2012) Preparation and characterization of chloramphenicol niosomes and comparison with chloramphenicol eye drops (0.5%w/v) in experimental conjunctivitis in albino rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci 25:117–121
Aggarwal D, Pal D, Mitra AK, Kaur IP (2007) Study of the extent of ocular absorption of acetazolamide from a developed niosomal formulation, by microdialysis sampling of aqueous humor. Int J Pharm 338:21–26
Raghuwanshi N, Dikshit S, Sharma A, Upamanyu N, Dubey A, Pathak A (2010) Formulation and evaluation of niosome- encapsulated levofloxacin for ophthalmic controlled delivery. Int J Adv Pharm Res 3:901–906
Saettone MF, Perini G, Carafa M, Santucci E, Alhaique F (1996) Non-ionic surfactant vesicles as ophthalmic carriers for cyclopentolate. A preliminary evaluation. S T P Pharm Sci 6:94–98
Kaur IP, Aggarwal D, Singh H, Kakkar S (2010) Improved ocular absorption kinetics of timolol maleate loaded into a bioadhesive niosomal delivery system. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 248:1467–1472
Pandita A, Sharma P (2013) Pharmacosomes: an emerging novel vesicular drug delivery system for poorly soluble synthetic and herbal drugs. ISRN Pharm 2013:348186
Ioele G, de Luca M, Ragno G (2014) Photostability of barnidipine in combined cyclodextrin-in-liposome matrices. Future Med Chem 6:35–43
Kaur IP, Chhabra S, Aggarwal D (2004) Role of cyclodextrins in ophthalmics. Curr Drug Deliv 1:351–360
Mccormack B, Gregoriadis G (1994) Entrapment of cyclodextrin-drug complexes into liposomes: potential advantages in drug delivery. J Drug Target 2:449–454
Fujisawa T, Miyai H, Hironaka K, Tsukamoto T, Tahara K, Tozuka Y, Ito M, Takeuchi H (2012) Liposomal diclofenac eye drop formulations targeting the retina: formulation stability improvement using surface modification of liposomes. Int J Pharm 436:564–567
Morand K, Bartoletti AC, Bochot A, Barratt G, Brandely ML, Chast F (2007) Liposomal amphotericin B eye drops to treat fungal keratitis: physico-chemical and formulation stability. Int J Pharm 344:150–153
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chablani, L., Kumar, V. (2016). Nanovesicular Carrier Systems for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. In: Pathak, Y., Sutariya, V., Hirani, A. (eds) Nano-Biomaterials For Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29346-2_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29346-2_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29344-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29346-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)