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Juvenile Delinquency and Disability pp 87–119Cite as

Developmental Disabilities

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Part of the book series: Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development ((ARAD))

Abstract

Developmental disabilities are disabilities that manifest themselves in an individual before age 22, though typically symptoms of these disorders are apparent early in the developmental period, such as infancy or early childhood. Hallmark symptoms typically involve a child missing major developmental milestones such as walking or talking at a typical age or having significant learning difficulties when beginning school. These disabilities are lifelong and impact functioning in major life areas such as communication/language, social functioning, self-care, mobility, independent living, or employment. While developmental disabilities are not as prevalent as other types of disabilities, research does show that there is an overrepresentation of juvenile delinquents having a developmental disability.

This chapter provides an overview of the most common developmental disabilities reported in the juvenile delinquency population, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and communication disorders. The diagnostic criteria and symptoms associated with each disorder are explained, as well as a brief background of the prevalence of the disorder, proposed etiologies, and treatment approaches. These disabilities can cause significant impairments in cognitive, social, and everyday functioning, so it is not surprising that several difficulties can arise when a youth having a developmental disability enters the juvenile justice system. Research related to the impact that the disability may have on an individual’s cognitive, academic, social-emotional, and behavioral functioning is presented, along with a critical discussion of how the impairments may impact a youth’s involvement in the juvenile justice system.

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    Kristin C. Thompson & Richard J. Morris

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Thompson, K.C., Morris, R.J. (2016). Developmental Disabilities. In: Juvenile Delinquency and Disability. Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29343-1_7

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