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Hypertension and Stroke pp 109–128Cite as

Pathophysiology and Mechanisms Whereby Hypertension May Cause Stroke

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Part of the book series: Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases ((CHVD))

Abstract

Hypertension has deleterious effects on the cerebral circulation. Hypertension alters the structure of blood vessels by producing vascular hypertrophy and remodeling and by promoting atherosclerosis in large cerebral arteries and lipohyalinosis in penetrating arterioles. In addition, hypertension also impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation and alters cerebrovascular autoregulation and neurovascular coupling. With these functional and structural alternations, hypertension facilitates vascular occlusions or degenerative change that is prone to rupture and bleeding, thereby causing both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Recently it has been shown that short-term and also long-term blood pressure variability can play a role in the pathogenesis of stroke.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

    Beom Joon Kim M.D., Ph.D. & Hee-Joon Bae M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

    Lawrence K. S. Wong M.D.

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  1. Beom Joon Kim M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Hee-Joon Bae M.D., Ph.D.
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  3. Lawrence K. S. Wong M.D.
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Correspondence to Hee-Joon Bae M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Neurological Surgery and Neurology and Neurotherapeutics , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas, USA

    Venkatesh Aiyagari

  2. Michigan State University Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA

    Philip B. Gorelick

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Kim, B.J., Bae, HJ., Wong, L.K.S. (2016). Pathophysiology and Mechanisms Whereby Hypertension May Cause Stroke. In: Aiyagari, V., Gorelick, P. (eds) Hypertension and Stroke. Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29152-9_6

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