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Stem Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering in Urogenital Diseases

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Advances in Stem Cell Therapy

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

The urogenital tract is the target of numerous congenital and acquired disorders that affect quality of life and may threaten patients’ lives. Although the genitourinary tract has its own endogenous progenitor/stem cell depot for repair, in several situations, the defect or functional impairment is beyond the cells’ restorative capacity. Hence, there will be a need to replenish the deficient cells and associated function and/or to replace the diseased tissue or organ. Regenerative medicine, including tissue engineering, has emerged as a potential therapeutic option with extensive applications. It involves the use of cells, scaffolds, or both to repair the kidney, urinary tract, and genital organs. Stem cells come in many types and from variable sources, with the embryonic, adult, amniotic fluid, and induced pluripotent stem cells being the most commonly explored and used. In this chapter, we will review the advances and future potentials of stem cells for regeneration and repair of the genitourinary tract. Mechanisms of actions, preclinical and clinical trials, and types of therapies will be described. We will point to the challenges that face their use and to the possible avenues to overcome these obstacles.

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Abbreviations

AMDC:

Autologous muscle-derived stem cell

ASC:

Adipose tissue-derived stem cell

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

BMSC:

Bone marrow-derived stem cell

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ED:

Erectile dysfunction

EFG:

Epidermal growth factor

EPCs:

Endothelial progenitor cells

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

HO-1:

Heme-oxygenase-1

HSC:

Hematopoietic stem cell

IGF:

Insulin-like growth factor

iPSCs:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

PD:

Peyronie’s disease

PDE-5:

Phosphodiesterase-5

PLA:

Polylactic acid

SMC:

Smooth muscle cell

STING:

Subureteric transurethral injection

SUI:

Stress urinary incontinence

TA:

Tunica albuginea

UCB:

Umbilical cord blood

UC:

Urothelial cell

UVJ:

Ureterovesical junction

VD:

Voiding dysfunction

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VUR:

Vesicoureteral reflux

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre de Recherche en Organogenèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e Rue, Aile R, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1V 4G2

    Ingrid Saba, Sophie Ramsay, Stéphane Bolduc & Hazem Orabi

  2. Department of Surgery, Université Laval, 1401, 18e Rue, Aile R, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1J 1Z4

    Sophie Ramsay & Stéphane Bolduc

  3. Urology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

    Hazem Orabi

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  1. Ingrid Saba
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  2. Sophie Ramsay
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  3. Stéphane Bolduc
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  4. Hazem Orabi
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Correspondence to Ingrid Saba .

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  1. Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Zayed City, Egypt

    Nagwa El-Badri

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Saba, I., Ramsay, S., Bolduc, S., Orabi, H. (2017). Stem Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering in Urogenital Diseases. In: El-Badri, N. (eds) Advances in Stem Cell Therapy. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29149-9_10

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