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Grapes and Health pp 53–76Cite as

Grapes and Atherosclerosis

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Abstract

Grapes are a good source of polyphenols, compounds characterized by their antioxidant properties, which may protect against atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is defined as the narrowing of the lumen in main arteries resulting in decreased blood flow leading to thrombosis or myocardial infarction. The formation of the atherosclerotic plaque can be accelerated by oxidative stress; thus, it is not surprising that antioxidants in blood can ameliorate this process. Evidence from a number of clinical interventions and animal studies has demonstrated that grape polyphenols affect several metabolic processes that lead to reductions in atherosclerosis including decreases in LDL oxidation and platelet aggregation, increases in flow-mediated vasodilation, reduction in inflammatory cytokines, as well as reduced concentration of cholesterol in the aorta. Grape polyphenols have also been shown to decrease atherosclerotic plaques in animal studies. Polyphenols also exhibit their effects at the cellular level including reduced nuclear factor-kappaβ (NF-κβ) production in mononuclear cells, upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS), inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor, decreased cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, and induction of endothelin-1 inhibition, among others. Overall, there appears to be strong evidence that grape polyphenols exert protective effects against atherosclerosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA

    Maria Luz Fernandez Ph.D.

  2. Department of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia

    Jacqueline Barona Ph.D.

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  1. Maria Luz Fernandez Ph.D.
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  2. Jacqueline Barona Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Maria Luz Fernandez Ph.D. .

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  1. A & M Schwartz Coll of Pharm & Health Sc, Long Island University, Hilo, Hawaii, USA

    John M. Pezzuto

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Fernandez, M.L., Barona, J. (2016). Grapes and Atherosclerosis. In: Pezzuto, J. (eds) Grapes and Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28995-3_4

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