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Dental and Craniofacial Tissue Stem Cells: Sources and Tissue Engineering Applications

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Dental Stem Cells

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

Current progress in stem cell and tissue engineering technologies is now providing significant underpinning evidence for its future clinical applications. Advances are aimed at clinical translation to enable repair and regeneration of dental and craniofacial tissues, such as teeth, periodontal tissues and salivary glands, which require treatment following disease, trauma or developmental abnormalities. The foundations for current progress come from our knowledge of basic biological processes, in particular growth factor and morphogenic signalling, which occur during the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions which drive tissue development and organogenesis. Convergent with our molecular and cellular understanding is the progress in biomaterials and scaffold development which aim to enable the delivery and differentiation processes necessary for hard and soft tissue regeneration. Adult or postnatal mesenchymal stem cells necessary for these processes can self-renew and generate the appropriate differentiated cell types. The dental and craniofacial tissues provide a rich source of these stem cells for tissue regeneration both locally and throughout the body. These cells can also be used in genetic reprogramming technology to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. This chapter discusses current knowledge relating to the multiple types of dental and craniofacial stem cells, their accessibility and potential applications along with the underpinning evidence which supports their future promise. Furthermore, there still remain challenges to their routine application, such as standardisation of laboratory and clinical protocols, biobanking approaches, provision of Good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant environments and the necessary education of the dental team to enable research and clinical application in this area.

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Abbreviations

ADSCs:

Adipose stromal/stem cells

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

BMMSCs:

Bone marrow stromal cells

DFSCs:

Dental follicle stem cells

DSCs:

Dental stem cells

DPSCs:

Dental pulp stem cells

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

DMP1:

Dentin matrix protein 1

DSPP:

Dentin sialophosphoprotein

ESC:

Embryonic stem cell

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

GMP:

Good manufacturing practice

GMSCs:

Gingiva-derived MSCs

HERS:

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

HS:

Human serum

IEE:

Inner enamel epithelium

iPSC:

Induced pluripotent stem cell

OEE:

Outer enamel epithelium

OESCs:

Oral epithelial progenitor/stem cells

PDL:

Periodontal ligament

PDLSCs:

Periodontal ligament stem cells

PSCs:

Periosteum-derived stem cells

SCAPs:

Stem cells from apical papilla

SGSCs:

Salivary gland-derived stem cells

SHEDs:

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth

Shh:

Sonic hedgehog

SR:

Stellate reticulum

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

TGPCs:

Tooth germ progenitor cells

TMJ:

Temporomandibular joint

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, St. Chad’s Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK

    Paul R. Cooper

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  1. Yeditepe University, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Istanbul, Turkey

    Fikrettin Åžahin

  2. Yeditepe University, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ayşegül Doğan

  3. Yeditepe University, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, ISTANBUL, Turkey

    Selami Demirci

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Cooper, P.R. (2016). Dental and Craniofacial Tissue Stem Cells: Sources and Tissue Engineering Applications. In: Åžahin, F., DoÄŸan, A., Demirci, S. (eds) Dental Stem Cells. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28947-2_1

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