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Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology pp 123–156Cite as

Stress and the Gastrointestinal System

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Abstract

Stress was characterized by Hans Selye, in 1936, as the “stereotyped biological response to any demand.” Corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and its related peptides urocortins (Ucns 1,2,3) are the mediators of stress. They are present both in the central nervous system and in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where they exert their biological actions on target cells through activation of two receptors, CRF1 and CRF2. Stress is able to modulate numerous functions of the GI tract such as motility, secretion, permeability, sensitivity, and microbiota. Classically, stress delays gastric emptying while stimulating colonic transit and secretion, increases intestinal permeability and visceral sensitivity, and modifies intestinal microbiota. Through these various effects at the level of the GI tract, stress is involved in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional digestive disorder, as well as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis. Targeting these CRF1/CRF2 signaling pathways by selective antagonists/agonists should be of clinical interest in the domain of IBS and IBD.

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  1. Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Grenoble Faculty of Medicine and Hospital and Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences (GIN), Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France

    Bruno Bonaz MD, PhD

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  1. Bruno Bonaz MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Bruno Bonaz MD, PhD .

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  1. Neurology, C Floor South Block, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

    Cris Constantinescu

  2. Atlantic Digestive Health Institute, Morristown Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Razvan Arsenescu

  3. Armedica LLC, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Violeta Arsenescu

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Bonaz, B. (2016). Stress and the Gastrointestinal System. In: Constantinescu, C., Arsenescu, R., Arsenescu, V. (eds) Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28609-9_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28609-9_7

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28609-9

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