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Movement Neuroscience Foundations of Neurorehabilitation

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Neurorehabilitation Technology

Abstract

Research into the neural control of movement has elucidated important principles that can provide guidelines to rehabilitation professionals for enhancing recovery of motor function in stroke patients. In this chapter, we elaborate principles that have been derived from research on neural control of movement, including optimal control, impedance control, motor lateralization, and principles of motor learning. Research on optimal control has indicated that two major categories of cost contribute to motor planning: explicit task-level costs, such as movement accuracy and speed, and implicit costs, such as energy and movement variability. Impedance control refers to neural mechanisms that modulate rapid sensorimotor circuits, such as reflexes, in order to impede perturbations that cannot be anticipated prior to movement. Research on motor lateralization has indicated that different aspects of motor control have been specialized to the two cerebral hemispheres. This organization leads to hemisphere-specific motor deficits in both the ipsilesional and contralesional arms of stroke patients. Ipsilesional deficits increase with severity of contralesional impairment level and have a substantial effect on functional independence. Finally, motor learning research has indicated that different neural mechanisms underlie different aspects of motor learning, such as adaptation vs skill learning, and that learning different aspects of tasks can generalize across different coordinates. In this chapter, we discuss the neurobiological basis of these principles and elaborate the implications for designing and implementing occupational and physical therapy treatment for movement deficits in stroke patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Kinesiology and Neurology, Penn State University, Penn State College of Medicine, University Park, PA, 16801, USA

    Robert L. Sainburg PhD

  2. Department of Biological Engineering and Centre for Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, 382424, Gujarat, India

    Pratik K. Mutha PhD

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Correspondence to Robert L. Sainburg PhD .

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  1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA

    David J. Reinkensmeyer

  2. Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist, Zürich, Switzerland

    Volker Dietz

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Sainburg, R.L., Mutha, P.K. (2016). Movement Neuroscience Foundations of Neurorehabilitation. In: Reinkensmeyer, D., Dietz, V. (eds) Neurorehabilitation Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28603-7_2

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