Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation Measures Used by Rural Dwellers in the Southeast and Southsouth Zone of Nigeria

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Implementing Climate Change Adaptation in Cities and Communities

Part of the book series: Climate Change Management ((CCM))

Abstract

The renewed quest for specific climate change adaptation measures that will address the needs of rural dwellers in their specified location prompted this study. This study analysed climate change adaptation measures used by rural dwellers in southeast and Southsouth Nigeria. Structured questionnaire, interview schedule, focused group discussion and direct observation were used to collect data from 320 respondents selected using a multi-stage sampling method. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive, multivariate and inferential statistics namely mean, percentages, frequency count, Varimax rotated factor analysis, analysis of variance and Turkey HSD post hoc multiple comparison test. The major occupation of the rural dwellers in the study area was farming (70.9 %) and 95 % have a farm size of less than 1 ha of land. The majority (83.7 %) had at least 10 years farming experience and earned an average monthly income of less than fifty thousand naira (77.2 %). The majority (60.3 %) maintained a household size of between 6 and 10 persons. Cassava and yam were the major crops cultivated while poultry, goat and fish were the major animals reared. The results further showed that 97 % of the respondents were already aware of the change in climate mainly through personal experience (78 %). Variation in rainfall patterns (46.9 %) was found to be the most prominent climate change variable in the study area. The Varimax rotated factor analysis identified eight major climate change adaptation measures used by farmers in the study area namely improved livestock management practices and mixed farming, soil fertility improvement measures and use of information from Agricultural Extension agent, use of improved crop species and diversification, change in planting/harvesting dates, application of agricultural chemicals, irrigation facilities and insurance, increase farm size and reliance on family labour, use of cover crops and avoidance of sale of remaining seedling after planting. The result of the ANOVA revealed that significant differences were found to exist in the adaptation measures use amongst the rural dwellers in the study area. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that there is a need for expansion in the role of agricultural extension agents in the nation. In addition, more studies addressing the differences in climate change adaptation measures are encouraged as this will equip the extension agencies and other stakeholders in climate change issues to develop relevant location-specific climate change adaptation measures that will effectively address the needs of farmers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adebayo K (2006) Dynamics of the technology adoption process in rural-based cassava processing systems in southwest Nigeria. International Foundation for Science, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  • Adesina AF, Odekunle OT (2011) Climate change adaptation in Nigeria: some background to Nigeria’s response III. In: 2011 International conference on Environmental and Agricultural Engineering IPCBEE, vol 15

    Google Scholar 

  • Adesope OM, Ifeanyi-Obi CC, Ugwuja VC, Nwakwasi R (2012) Effect of malaria on the farm income of rural households in Ekeremor Local Government Area of Bayelsa State. Int J Agric Econ Manage 2(1):27–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Agoumi Y (2003) Vulnerability of North African countries to climate changes, adaptation and implementation strategies for climate change. Issues and analysis from developing countries and countries with Economies in transition. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)/Climate Change Knowledge Network, 14 pp. http://www.cckn.net//pdf/north_africa.pdf

  • Agwu J (2008) Climate change, its impacts and adaptation: gendered perspective from south-eastern Nigeria. Heinrich Boll Stiftung (HBS), Lagos

    Google Scholar 

  • Agwu EA, Anyanwu AC (1996) Socio-cultural and environmental constraints in Implementing the NALDA programme in south eastern Nigeria. A case study of Abia and Enugu State. J Agric Educ 2:68–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Akinnagbe OM, Ajayi AR (2010) Assessment of farmer’s benefits derived from Olam Organization sustainable cocoa production extension activities in Ondo State. J Agric Ext 14(1):11–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Akpabio (2005) Rural and agricultural sociology. In: Nwachukwu I (ed) Agricultural extension and rural sociology. Snaap, Enugu

    Google Scholar 

  • Akuegwu BA, Nwi-ue, Nwikina CG (2012) Climate change effects and academic staff role performance in Universities in Cross River State, Nigeria. High Educ Soc Sci 3(1):53–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Anyadike RNC (2009) Climate change and sustainable development in Nigeria; conceptual and empirical issues, Enugu forum policy paper 10. African Institute for Applied Economics, Enugu

    Google Scholar 

  • Areghero EM (2005) Nigeria. http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/counprof/nigeria/nigeria.htm. Accessed Mar 2015

  • Benhin JKA (2006) Climate change and South African agriculture: impacts and adaptation options, Discussion Paper No. 21. Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy for Africa (CEEPA), University of Pretoria, South Africa

    Google Scholar 

  • Chinweze C, Abiola-Oloke C (2009) Women issues, poverty and social challenge of climate change in the Nigerian Niger Delta context. In: Paper presented at IHDP Open Meeting, the 7th International Conference on Human Dimension of Global Environmental Change, UN Campus, Bonn

    Google Scholar 

  • Chukwu GO, Mbanaso EO (1999) Crop water requirements of radish in southeastern Nigeria. J Sustain Agric Environ 1(2):236–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Climate change: any impact in Nigeria? 29 Oct 2012. http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/climate-change-any-impact-on-nigeria/

  • Eboh E (2009) Implications of climate change for Economic growth and sustainable development in Nigeria, Enugu forum policy paper 10. African Institute for Applied Economics, Enugu

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekong EE (2010) Rural sociology. Dove Educational Publishers, Uyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Enete AA (2003) Resource use, marketing and diversification decision in Cassava producing household of Sub-Saharan Africa. A Ph.D. dissertation presented to the Department of Agricultural Economics, Catholic University of Lovain, Belguim

    Google Scholar 

  • Enete AA, Madu II, Mojekwu JC, Onyeukwu AN, Onwubuya EA, Eze F (2010) Indigenous agricultural adaptation to climate change: study of Imo and Enugu state in southeast Nigeria. Africa Technology Policy Studies Network: Working Paper Series No. 53

    Google Scholar 

  • Etuonovbe AK (2007) Coastal settlement and climate changes: the effects of climate change/sea level rise on the people of Awoye, Ondo State, Nigeria. Strategic Integration of Surveying Services. FIGR Working Week. Hong Kong SAR, 13–17 May 2007. http://www.fig.net/pub/fig2007/papers/ts-8/fts-03-etuonovbe

  • Hassan R, Nhemachena C (2008) Determinants of African farmers strategies for adapting to climate changes: multinomial analyses. AFJARE 2(1):83–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Ifeanyi-Obi CC, Asiabaka CC (2014) Impacts of climate change on sustainable livelihood of rural dwellers in southeast Nigeria. Nigerian J Agric Food Environ 10(3):70–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Ifeanyi-Obi CC, Etuk UR, Jike-wai O (2011) Climate change, effects and adaptation strategies: implication for agricultural extension system in Nigeria. Greener J Agric Sci 2(2):053–060

    Google Scholar 

  • Ifeanyi-Obi CC, Asiabaka CC, Matthews-Njoku E, Nnadi FN, Agumagu AC, Adesope OM, Issa FO, Nwakwasi RN (2012) Effects of climate change on fluted pumpkin farmers in Rivers State. J Agric Ext 16(1):50–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Igbozurike MU (1975) Vegetation types. In: Ofomate GEK (ed) Nigeria in maps: eastern states. Ethiope, Benin, pp 30–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) (2007) Impact, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group 1 of the intergovernmental panel on climate change to the Third Assessment Report of IPCC. Cambridge University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Issa FO, Iyiola-Tunji AO, Arokoyo JO, Aregbe BE, Owolabi JO (2008) Evaluation of the challenges of climate change to commercial poultry egg production in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Savannah J Agric 6(1):75–84, www.savannahjournal.com

    Google Scholar 

  • Maddison D (2006) The perception of an adaptation to climate change in Africa. CEEPA Discussion paper No 10. CEEPA, University of Pretoria, Pretoria

    Google Scholar 

  • Maplecroft (2013) Climate Change Vulnerability Index 2013. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/29649_maplecroftccvisubnationalmap.pdf. Accessed 30 Mar 2015

  • Mapuno P, Chiwo R, Mtambanengwe F, Adjei-Nsiah S, Baijukya F, Maria R, Mvula A, Gilla K (2008) Farmers perception leads experimentation and learning. In: Charese J, Hampson K, Salm M, Schoubroeck F, Roem W, Rooyakkers, Walsum E (eds) Dealing with climate change. LEISA, pp 28–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Mbakwe R, Ukachukwu SN, Muoneke CO, Ekeleme F (2004) Problem identification and development of research base. In: Unamma RPA, Onwudike OC, Uwaegbute AC, Edeoga HO, Nwosu AC (eds) Farming systems research and development in Nigeria; principles and practice in Humid and derived savanna southeast zone. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendelsohn R, Dinar A, Dalfelt A (2000) Climate change impacts on African agriculture. Preliminary analysis prepared for the World Bank, Washington, DC, 25 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Mgbada JU (2010) Agricultural extension: the human development perspective. Computer Edge, Enugu

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environment of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (2003) Nigeria’s first national communication under the United Nations. Framework convention on climate change, Abuja Nigerian states budget analysis. http://www.slideshare.net/statisense/nigerian-states-budget-analysis

  • Nnadi FN, Chikaire J, Nnadi CD, Okafor OE, Echetema JA, Utazi CO (2012) Sustainable land management practices for climate change adaptation in Imo State, Nigeria. J Emerg Trends Eng Appl Sci 3(5):801–805

    Google Scholar 

  • Nweke FI (1996) Cassava: a cash crop in Africa. COSCA Working paper no. 14, COSCA, IITA, Ibadan

    Google Scholar 

  • Nzeadibe TC, Egbule CL, Nnaemeka AC, Agu VC (2010) Climate change awareness and adaptation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. African Technology Policy Studies Working Paper. Series No. 57

    Google Scholar 

  • Nzeh EC, Eboh OR (2010) Technological challenges of climate change adaptation in Nigeria: insights from Enugu state. African Technology Policy Studies Network Working Paper. Series No. 52

    Google Scholar 

  • Obinne CP (1991) Adoption of improved cassava production technologies by small-scale farmers in Bendel state. J Agric Sci Technol 1(1):12–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Okhimamhe AA (2009) Current vulnerabilities and latest adaptation strategies: Nigeria situation as it relates to women in climate change’ (first lady initiative). A paper presented at the awareness workshop on the challenges of climate change adaptation and sustainable livelihood, organizes by the federal ministry of Environment (FMEHUD) in collaboration with the Heinrich Boll foundation on the 25–28 June 2008, Shukura Hotel, Sokoto

    Google Scholar 

  • Olawoye JE (1996) Utilizing research findings to increase food production. What the mass media should do. In: Bableye T (ed) Media forum for agriculture. IITA, Ibadan

    Google Scholar 

  • Oneworld.net (2010) Nigeria climate change. http://www.oneworld.net.com/articles/Nigeriaclimatechange. Accessed Mar 2010

  • Onyeneke RU, Madukwe DK (2010) Adaptation measures by crop farmers in the southeast rainforest zone of Nigeria to climate change. Sci World J 5(1):2010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oyekale AS, Bolaji MB, Olowa OW (2009) The effects of climate change on cocoa production and vulnerability assessment in Nigeria. Medwell J (Agric J) 4(2):77–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozor N (2009) Understanding climate change. Implications for Nigerian agriculture, policy and extension. Paper presented at the National conference on climate change and the Nigeria environment. Organized by the Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 29 Jun–2 Jul

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozor N, Nnaji CE (2010) Difficulties in adaptation to climate change by farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria. J Agric Ext 14(1):106–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Pallant J (2010) SPSS survival, manual, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill Education, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (2007) Using multivariate statistics, 5th edn. Pearson Education, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Udofia EP (2011) Applied statistics with multivariate methods. Enugu, Immaculate, pp 187–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Unamma RPA, Onwudike OC, Uwaegbute AC, Edeoga HO, Nwosu AC (2004) Linkage strategy for sustainable agriculture in Nigeria. Research-Extension-Farmer-Input-Linkage System (REFILS). Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

    C. C. Ifeanyi-Obi

Authors
  1. C. C. Ifeanyi-Obi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. C. Ifeanyi-Obi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research and Transfer Center, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany

    Walter Leal Filho

  2. School of Science & The Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom

    Kathryn Adamson

  3. School of Science & The Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom

    Rachel M. Dunk

  4. CFE University of Coimbra, Universidade Aberta, Porto, Portugal

    Ulisses M. Azeiteiro

  5. School of Research, Enterprise, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom

    Sam Illingworth

  6. Centre for Functional Ecology, Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Porto, Portugal

    Fátima Alves

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ifeanyi-Obi, C.C. (2016). Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation Measures Used by Rural Dwellers in the Southeast and Southsouth Zone of Nigeria. In: Leal Filho, W., Adamson, K., Dunk, R., Azeiteiro, U., Illingworth, S., Alves, F. (eds) Implementing Climate Change Adaptation in Cities and Communities. Climate Change Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28591-7_20

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation