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Muscle, Ligament and Tendon Regeneration

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Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient

Abstract

Muscle injury and degenerative muscle diseases are disabling conditions that are currently challenging orthopedic surgeons, neurologist and specialists in rehabilitative medicine. Upon traumatic or degenerative changes in the structure of the muscle, regeneration befalls mainly by increased proliferation of satellite cells. If the injury is extensive fibrosis and scar tissue formation occurs. Till now various alternative therapeutic ways have been proposed to boost muscle regeneration. These methods include the use of growth factors, antioxidative therapeutic approaches, cell based therapy and cell transplantation as well as the use of scaffolds. Growth factors, antioxidative substances and endogenous polypeptides can not only influence but also control the natural repair processes by acting on different intracellular pathways. Cell orientated therapies have been popular in muscle regeneration mainly because small quantities of cells are needed to achieve therapeutic effects. Transplantation of stem cells, myoblasts or genetically modified cells, have been used after injury to restore muscle structure and function. Furthermore, scaffolds have been used to repair muscle defects and to generate new muscle fibers.

Similar approaches have been made for regeneration of tendon and ligament. There are a number of cell sources that are potentially helpful for cell mediated tissue regeneration. Scaffolds provide temporary mechanical support and can carry cells that promote the tendon and ligament regeneration. Furthermore, growth factors can be used to stimulate tissue healing and accelerate regeneration mainly by modulating the proliferation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055, Rostock, Germany

    Ioannis Stratos & Thomas Mittlmeier

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  1. Ioannis Stratos
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  2. Thomas Mittlmeier
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Correspondence to Ioannis Stratos .

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  1. Department of Cardiac Surgery and Refere, University of Rostock, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpomm., Germany

    Gustav Steinhoff

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Stratos, I., Mittlmeier, T. (2016). Muscle, Ligament and Tendon Regeneration. In: Steinhoff, G. (eds) Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28386-9_11

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