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Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient pp 205–227Cite as

Regenerative Therapies for Retinopathy

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Abstract

Studies conducted in animal models and human tissues have suggested that retinopathies occur through loss of cells resulting in vascular leakage, excessive immature retinal angiogenesis, and neuronal degeneration eventually leading to loss of vision. Regenerative therapy offers a great promise for such terminally differentiated organs with a stem cell-based therapy. A variety of stem cells including tissue specific endogenous stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, embryonic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and adult mesenchymal stem cells have been considered. Although we made great progress in regenerative therapies in the last two decades, much of the stem cell work on retinopathies came from animal models that do not mimic human retinopathies. In addition, the key molecular and cellular signaling mechanisms in these stem cells in relation to the hostile disease environment have not been thoroughly investigated. Last but not least, the unwanted, unintended differentiated cell types from stem cells likely affect the function, efficacy, and safety of a stem cell product and therefore long-term studies relevant to human conditions must be addressed. As we attempt to translate these cell therapies from preclinical studies into the clinic, challenges remain to be solved center on reproducible manufacturing ability and testing in clinically validated end points relevant to human retinopathies. This chapter describes the current aspects of stem cell therapy in retinopathy, specifically for Diabetic Retinopathy and Retinopathy of Prematurity.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported in part by grants from the National Eye Institute (EY023427) and an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

    Ramesh Periasamy Ph.D. & Rajashekhar Gangaraju Ph.D.

  2. Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite 768, Memphis, 38163, TN, USA

    Rajashekhar Gangaraju Ph.D.

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  1. Ramesh Periasamy Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Rajashekhar Gangaraju Ph.D. .

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  1. KIlinik und Poliklinik für Herzchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpomm., Germany

    Gustav Steinhoff

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Periasamy, R., Gangaraju, R. (2016). Regenerative Therapies for Retinopathy. In: Steinhoff, G. (eds) Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28293-0_9

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