Abstract
Considering the relevance of the Geochemical Principle of Mobile Metal Ions Vertical Migration (MMIVM), in which many up-date geochemical and geophysics –geochemical exploration techniques (i.e., electrochemical CHIM, MMI™, SGH, Redox Complex ) are based, a summary review on different theoretical aspects related to metal mobilization, vertical transport to the surface, and the resultant accumulation of these vertically transported metals in surficial media from buried ore bodies and hydrocarbon deposits is made. As conclusion, it is outlined the general features characterizing these processes: microbial activity and water–rock reactions with gas (hydrocarbons, N, CO2, H2, and others) generation during target oxidation; ascending reduced gas microbubbles (colloidal size) with reduced metal ions attached, which results in ‘reduced chimneys ’ reaching the surface; barometric pumping and capillary rise moving upward ions and submicron metal particulates, into the unsaturated zone; redistribution of ions in the near-surface environment by downward-percolating groundwater (after rainfall), as well as by the upward effects of evaporation and capillary rise, all of which explain the soil metal accumulations in a very shallow (10–30 cm) ‘metal accretion zone’.
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Pardo Echarte, M.E., Rodríguez Morán, O. (2016). Processes Controlling Metal Mobilization, Transport, and Accumulation in the Surficial Environment over Buried Ore Bodies and Hydrocarbon Deposits: A Review. In: Unconventional Methods for Oil & Gas Exploration in Cuba. SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28017-2_3
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