Abstract
Hypoxic–ischemic injury to the brain is usually a devastating event and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosis, treatment, and long-term prognosis determination for these patients. The correct diagnosis is made on the basis of different imaging modalities requires knowledge of the different manifestations of this type of injury. Some of the factors that contribute to the different findings are brain maturity, duration and severity of the insult, underlying cause, and associated disorders. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques such as diffusion-weighted image (DWI) and proton spectroscopy are useful in making the diagnosis especially in the acute setting where conventional MRI and CT are be less sensitive.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Dugan LL, Choi DW, et al. Hypoxia-ischemia and brain infarction. In: Siegel GJ, Agranoff BW, Albers RW, editors. Basic neurochemistry: molecular, cellular and medical aspects. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1999. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK28046/.
Huang BY, Castillo M. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: imaging findings from birth to adulthood. Radiographics. 2008;28(2):417–39. doi:10.1148/rg.282075066, quiz 617.
Barkovich AJ. Brain and spine injuries in infancy and childhood. In: Barkovich AJ, editor. Pediatric neuroimaging. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 190–290.
Castillo M. Selective vulnerability and the cerebellum in neonates. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007;28:20–1.
Martinez-Biarge M, Diez-Sebastian J, Wusthoff CJ, Mercuri E, Cowan FM. Antepartum and intrapartum factors preceding neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics. 2013;132(4):e952–9. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0511.
Blankenberg F, Loh N, Bracci P, D’Arceuil H, et al. Sonography, CT, and MR imaging: a prospective comparison of neonates with suspected intracranial ischemia and hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:213–8.
Inder TE, Anderson NJ, Spencer C, Wells S, Volpe JJ. White matter injury in the premature infant: a comparison between serial cranial sonographic and MR findings at term. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;24:805–9.
Murgo S, Avni EF, David P, Muller MF, Golzarian J, Balériaux D, Struyven J. Periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants: prognostic role of ultrasonography and MRI. J Radiol. 1999;80(7):715–20.
Felderhoff-Mueser U, Rutherford MA, Squier WV, et al. Relationship between MR imaging and histopathologic findings of the brain in extremely sick preterm infants. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:1349–57.
Ghei S, Zan E, Choudhri A, et al. MR imaging of hypoxic-ischemic injury in term neonates: Pearls and pitfalls. RadioGraphics. 2014;34:1047–61.
Barkovich AJ. MR and CT evaluation of profound neonatal and infantile asphyxia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1992;13:959–72.
Harwood-Nash DC. Abuse to the pediatric central nervous system. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1992;13:569–75.
Bird CR, Drayer BP, Gilles FH. Pathophysiology of “reverse” edema in global cerebral ischemia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1989;10:95–8.
Dubowitz DJ, Bluml S, Arcinue E, Dietrich RB. MR of hypoxic encephalopathy in children after near drowning: correlation with quantitative proton MR spectroscopy and clinical outcome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:1617–27.
Christophe C, Fonteyne C, Ziereisen F, et al. Value of MR imaging of the brain in children with hypoxic coma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002;23:716–23.
Barkovich AJ, Truwit CL. Brain damage from perinatal asphyxia: correlation of MR findings with gestational age. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1990;11:1087–96.
Arbelaez A, Castillo M, Mukherji S. Diffusion weighted MR imaging of global cerebral anoxia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:999–1007.
Takahashi S, Higano S, Ishii K, et al. Hypoxic brain damage: cortical laminar necrosis and delayed changes in white matter at sequential MR imaging. Radiology. 1993;189:449–56.
Grant PE, Yu D. Acute injury to the immature brain with hypoxia with or without hypoperfusion. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006;44:63–77, viii.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chiang, F.J., Abello, A.L. (2016). Hypoxic–Ischemic Injuries. In: Hoffmann Nunes, R., Abello, A., Castillo, M. (eds) Critical Findings in Neuroradiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27987-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27987-9_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-27985-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-27987-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)