Abstract
This chapter details microwave tomography for breast cancer detection. It includes a description of the scattering mechanism and introduces the object function and the forward problem, which defines the non-linear inverse tomographic problem. This is followed by a brief overview of the linear approximations which historically have been applied for solving the inverse problem. The major part of this chapter is devoted to introducing the algorithms which have been proposed for solving the non-linear tomographic problem. This includes local gradient-based methods and global evolutionary methods as well as a description of the use of multi-frequency data and a priori knowledge.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Alvarez RE, Macovski A (1976) Energy-selective reconstructions in X-ray computerised tomography. Phys Med Biol 21(5):733, DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/21/5/002
Anastasio MA, Shi D, Huang Y, Gbur G (2005) Image reconstruction in spherical-wave intensity diffraction tomography. J Opt Soc Am A 22(12):2651–2661, DOI 10.1364/JOSAA.22.002651
Atkinson KE (1976) A survey of numerical methods for the solution of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Beaney RP (1984) Positron emission tomography in the study of human tumors. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 14(4):324–341, DOI 10.1016/S0001-2998(84)80006-9
Bolomey J, Izadnegahdar A, Jofre L, Pichot C, Peronnet G, Solaimani M (1982) Microwave Diffraction Tomography for Biomedical Applications. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 30(11):1998 –2000, DOI 10.1109/TMTT.1982.1131357
Born M (1999) Principles of optics: electromagnetic theory of propagation, interference and diffraction of light, 7th edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York
Brignone M, Bozza G, Randazzo A, Piana M, Pastorino M (2008) A Hybrid Approach to 3d Microwave Imaging by Using Linear Sampling and ACO. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 56(10):3224–3232, DOI 10.1109/TAP.2008.929504
Brooks RA, Chiro GD (1975) Theory of Image Reconstruction in Computed Tomography. Radiology 117(3):561–572, DOI 10.1148/117.3.561
Caorsi S, Gragnani GL, Pastorino M, Zunino G (1991) Microwave imaging method using a simulated annealing approach. Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, IEEE 1(11):331–333
Chew W (1995) Waves and fields in inhomogeneous media. IEEE Press, New York
Collin RE, Zucker FJ (1969) Antenna theory. McGraw-Hill
Crocco L, Isernia T (2001) Inverse scattering with real data: detecting and imaging homogeneous dielectric objects. Inverse Problems 17(6):1573, DOI 10.1088/0266-5611/17/6/302
Dahlback R, Rubaek T, Persson M, Stake J (2012) A System for THz Imaging of Low-Contrast Targets Using the Born Approximation. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 2(3):361–370, DOI 10.1109/TTHZ.2012.2189900
Dembo RS, Eisenstat SC, Steihaug T (1982) Inexact Newton Methods. SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 19(2):400–408, DOI 10.2307/2156954
Donelli M, Franceschini D, Rocca P, Massa A (2009) Three-Dimensional Microwave Imaging Problems Solved Through an Efficient Multiscaling Particle Swarm Optimization. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sensing 47(5):1467–1481, DOI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2005529
Donelli M, Craddock I, Gibbins D, Sarafianou M (2011) A Three-Dimensional Time Domain Microwave Imaging Method for Breast Cancer Detection Based on an Evolutionary Algorithm. Progress In Electromagnetics Research 18:179–195
Dorn O, Lesselier D (2009) Level set methods for inverse scattering—some recent developments. Inverse Problems 25(12):125,001, DOI 10.1088/0266-5611/25/12/125001
Eberhart R, Kennedy J (1995) A new optimizer using particle swarm theory. In: Micro Machine and Human Science, 1995. MHS ’95., Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on, pp 39–43, DOI 10.1109/MHS.1995.494215
Eisenstat SC, Walker HF (1994) Globally Convergent Inexact Newton Methods. SIAM Journal on Optimization 4(2):393–422, DOI 10.1137/0804022
Eisenstat SC, Walker HF (1996) Choosing the Forcing Terms in an Inexact Newton Method. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 17(1):16–32, DOI 10.1137/0917003
Epstein NR, Golnabi AG, Meaney PM, Paulsen KD (2012) Conformal microwave tomography using a broadband non-contacting monopole antenna array. In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB), pp 192–196, DOI 10.1109/ICUWB. 2012.6340462
Epstein NR, Meaney PM, Paulsen KD (2013) MR-guided conformal microwave imaging for enhanced inclusion detection within irregularly shaped volumes. In: Proc. SPIE 8672, Medical Imaging 2013, p 86720H, DOI 10.1117/12.2007939
Fang Q, Meaney P, Paulsen K (2004) Microwave image reconstruction of tissue property dispersion characteristics utilizing multiple-frequency information. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 52(8):1866–1875, DOI 10.1109/TMTT.2004.832014
Fhager A, Hashemzadeh P, Persson M (2006) Reconstruction quality and spectral content of an electromagnetic time-domain inversion algorithm. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 53(8):1594–1604, DOI 10.1109/TBME.2006.878079
Fhager A, Gustafsson M, Nordebo S (2012) Image reconstruction in microwave tomography using a dielectric Debye model. Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 59(1):156–166
Garnero L, Franchois A, Hugonin JP, Pichot C, Joachimowicz N (1991) Microwave imaging-complex permittivity reconstruction-by simulated annealing. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 39(11):1801–1807
Gerberich CL, Panel ORNLM, Commission UAE (1957) On the solution of a Fredholm integral equation. University of Tennessee.
Golnabi AH, Meaney PM, Paulsen KD (2013) Tomographic Microwave Imaging With Incorporated Prior Spatial Information. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques DOI 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2247413
Gordon R, Bender R, Herman GT (1970) Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (ART) for three-dimensional electron microscopy and X-ray photography. Journal of Theoretical Biology 29(3):471–481, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(70)90109-8
Guardiola M, Jofre L, Capdevila S, Blanch S, Romeu J (2011) 3d uwb magnitude-combined tomographic imaging for biomedical applications. algorithm validation. Radioengineering 20(2):366–372
Guardiola M, Capdevila S, Romeu J, Jofre L (2012) 3-d microwave magnitude combined tomography for breast cancer detection using realistic breast models. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE 11:1622–1625
Gustafsson M, He S (2000) An optimization approach to two-dimensional time domain electromagnetic inverse problems. Radio Sci 35(2):525–536, DOI 200010.1029/1999RS900091
Hajihashemi M, El-Shenawee M (2008) Shape Reconstruction Using the Level Set Method for Microwave Applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 7:92–96, DOI 10.1109/LAWP.2008.920464
Hansen PC (1997) Rank-deficient and discrete ill-posed problems: Numerical aspects of linear inversion. SIAM monographs on mathematical modeling and computation, SIAM, Philadelphia
Hansen T, Johansen PM (2000) Inversion scheme for ground penetrating radar that takes into account the planar air-soil interface. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on 38(1):496–506, DOI 10.1109/36.823944
Hestenes MR, Stiefel E (1952) Methods of conjugate gradients for solving linear systems. National Bureau of Standards, Journal of Research 49:409–436
Holland JH (1984) Genetic Algorithms and Adaptation. In: Selfridge OG, Rissland EL, Arbib MA (eds) Adaptive Control of Ill-Defined Systems, Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 317–333
Holland JH, Reitman JS (1977) Cognitive systems based on adaptive algorithms. SIGART Bull 63:49–49, DOI 10.1145/1045343.1045373
Huang T, Mohan A (2007) A Microparticle Swarm Optimizer for the Reconstruction of Microwave Images. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 55(3):568–576, DOI 10.1109/TAP.2007.891545
Irishina N, Dorn O, Moscoso M (2008) A level set evolution strategy in microwave imaging for early breast cancer detection. Computers & Mathematics with Applications 56(3):607–618, DOI 10.1016/j.camwa.2008.01.004
Irishina N, Alvarez D, Dorn O, Moscoso M (2010) Structural level set inversion for microwave breast screening. Inverse Problems 26(3):035,015, DOI 10.1088/0266-5611/ 26/3/035015
Joisel A, Bolomey JC (2000) Rapid microwave imaging of living tissues. In: Medical Imaging 2000, International Society for Optics and Photonics, pp 320–330
Kak A (1979) Computerized tomography with X-ray, emission, and ultrasound sources. Proceedings of the IEEE 67(9):1245–1272, DOI 10.1109/PROC.1979.11440
Keller JB (1969) Accuracy and Validity of the Born and Rytov Approximations. J Opt Soc Am 59(8):1003, DOI 10.1364/JOSA.59.001003
Kennedy J, Eberhart RC, et al (1995) Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on neural networks, vol 4, pp 1942–1948
Landweber L (1951) An Iteration Formula for Fredholm Integral Equations of the First Kind. American Journal of Mathematics 73(3):615–624, DOI 10.2307/2372313
Levenberg K (1944) A method for the solution of certain non-linear problems in least squares. Q Appl Math (USA) 2:164–168
Marquardt DW (1963) An Algorithm for Least-Squares Estimation of Nonlinear Parameters. Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 11(2):431–441
Meaney PM, Demidenko E, Yagnamurthy NK, Li D, Fanning MW, Paulsen KD (2001a) A two-stage microwave image reconstruction procedure for improved internal feature extraction. Med Phys 28(11):2358–2369
Meaney PM, Paulsen KD, Pogue BW, Miga MI (2001b) Microwave image reconstruction utilizing log-magnitude and unwrapped phase to improve high-contrast object recovery. Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions on 20(2):104–116, DOI 10.1109/42.913177
Mojabi P, LoVetri J (2009) Microwave Biomedical Imaging Using the Multiplicative Regularized Gauss–Newton Inversion. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE 8:645–648, DOI 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2023602
Mojabi P, LoVetri J, Shafai L (2011) A Multiplicative Regularized Gauss-Newton Inversion for Shape and Location Reconstruction. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59(12):4790–4802, DOI 10.1109/TAP.2011.2165487
Natterer F, Wubbeling F (1995) A propagation-backpropagation method for ultrasound tomography. Inverse Problems 11(6):1225, DOI 10.1088/0266-5611/11/6/007
Ortega JM (2000) Iterative solution of nonlinear equations in several variables. No. 30 in Classics in applied mathematics, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia
Paige CC, Saunders MA (1982) LSQR: An Algorithm for Sparse Linear Equations and Sparse Least Squares. ACM Trans Math Softw 8(1):43–71, DOI 10.1145/355984.355989
Pallone MJ, Meaney PM, Paulsen KD (2012) Surface scanning through a cylindrical tank of coupling fluid for clinical microwave breast imaging exams. Medical physics 39(6):3102–3111
Peronnet G, Pichot C, Bolomey JC, Jofre L, Izadnegahdar A, Szeles C, Michel Y, Guerquin-Kern JL, Gautherie M (1983) A Microwave Diffraction Tomography System for Biomedical Applications. In: Microwave Conference, 1983. 13th European, pp 529–533, DOI 10.1109/EUMA.1983.333285
Phillips DL (1962) A Technique for the Numerical Solution of Certain Integral Equations of the First Kind. J ACM 9(1):84–97, DOI 10.1145/321105.321114
Pichot C, Jofre L, Peronnet G, Bolomey J (1985) Active microwave imaging of inhomogeneous bodies. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on 33(4):416–425
Pozar DM (1997) Microwave engineering, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
Raichle ME (1980) Positron-Emission Tomography. In: Weiss L, Gilbert HA, Posner JB (eds) Brain Metastasis, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 246–253
Rubaek T, Meincke P (2006) Including antenna models in microwave imaging for breast cancer screening. In: Antennas and Propagation, 2006. EuCAP 2006. First European Conference on, pp 1–6
Rubaek T, Meaney P, Meincke P, Paulsen K (2007) Nonlinear Microwave Imaging for Breast-Cancer Screening Using Gauss–Newton’s Method and the CGLS Inversion Algorithm. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on 55(8):2320–2331, DOI 10.1109/TAP.2007.901993
Sabouni A, Noghanian S, Pistorius S (2010) A global optimization technique for microwave imaging of the inhomogeneous and dispersive breast. Electrical and Computer Engineering, Canadian Journal of 35(1):15–24
Scapaticci R, Catapano I, Crocco L (2012) Wavelet-Based Adaptive Multiresolution Inversion for Quantitative Microwave Imaging of Breast Tissues. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60(8):3717–3726, DOI 10.1109/TAP.2012.2201083
Schaffer JD (1985) Some experiments in machine learning using vector evaluated genetic algorithms. Tech. rep., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (USA)
Semnani A, Kamyab M (2007) An Enhanced Method for Inverse Scattering Problems using Fourier Series Expansion in Conjunction with FDTD and PSO. Progress In Electromagnetics Research 76:45–64, DOI 10.2528/PIER07061204
Semnani A, Kamyab M (2008) Truncated Cosine Fourier Series Expansion Method for Solving 2-D Inverse Scattering Problems. Progress In Electromagnetics Research 81:73–97, DOI 10.2528/PIER07122404
Shea JD, Kosmas P, Hagness SC, Van Veen BD (2010) Three-dimensional microwave imaging of realistic numerical breast phantoms via a multiple-frequency inverse scattering technique. Medical Physics 37(8):4210, DOI 10.1118/1.3443569
Slaney M, Kak A, Larsen L (1984) Limitations of Imaging with First-Order Diffraction Tomography. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 32(8):860–874
Stotzka R, Wuerfel J, Mueller TO, Gemmeke H (2002) Medical imaging by ultrasound computer tomography. In: Proc. of Medical Imaging 2002: Ultrasonic Imaging and Signal Processing, pp 110–119, DOI 10.1117/12.462144
Takagi A, Tsurumi Y, Ishii Y, Suzuki K, Kawana M, Kasanuki H (1999) Clinical Potential of Intravascular Ultrasound for Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenosis Relationship Between Quantitative Ultrasound Tomography and Pressure-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve. Circulation 100(3):250–255, DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.100.3.250
Tikhonov AN (1963) Solution of incorrectly formulated problems and regularization method. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 151(3):501–504
Winters DW, Shea JD, Kosmas P, Van Veen BD, Hagness SC (2009) Three-Dimensional Microwave Breast Imaging: Dispersive Dielectric Properties Estimation Using Patient-Specific Basis Functions. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 28(7):969–981, DOI 10.1109/TMI.2008.2008959
Zhou H, Takenaka T, Johnson JE, Tanaka T (2009) A breast imaging model using microwaves and a time domain three dimensional reconstruction method. Progress In Electromagnetics Research 93:57–70
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rubæk, T., Mohr, J.J. (2016). Microwave Tomography. In: Conceição, R., Mohr, J., O'Halloran, M. (eds) An Introduction to Microwave Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27866-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27866-7_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-27865-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-27866-7
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)