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The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Lipoxygenases in the Skin

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Lipoxygenases in Inflammation

Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

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Abstract

The skin is the primary barrier between the external environment and the internal milieu of the host protecting the body from physical and chemical insults and injury and preventing the loss of water. An active lipid metabolism and fatty acid-derived oxylipins are crucially involved in the structural integrity and functionality of the skin. Among them are lipoxygenases (LOX)-derived autacoids generated by an abundant and diverse cutaneous LOX metabolism. LOX products fulfill substantial functions in epithelial tissue homeostasis, inflammation as the general skin response to external damage, wound healing, and disease-related processes including numerous inflammatory skin conditions and the development of skin cancer. Recent results point to a critical role of a distinct LOX pathway in the development and maintenance of the epidermal barrier. This review focuses on the activities and mechanisms of actions of individual LOX-derived oxylipins, and the dysregulation of the corresponding LOX enzymes in diseased skin.

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Abbreviations

ARCI:

Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses

CE:

Cornified cell envelope

CLE:

Corneocyte lipid envelope

DC:

Dendritic cell(s)

DMBA:

7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthrazene

e12-LOX:

Epidermis-type 12-lipoxygenase

EFA:

Essential fatty acid(s)

eLOX-3:

Epidermis-type lipoxygenase-3

EOS:

Esterified ω-hydroxyacylsphingosine(s)

(F)FA:

(Free) fatty acid(s)

H(P)ETE:

Hydro(pero)xyeicosatetraenoic acid

H(P)ODE:

Hydro(pero)xyoctadecadienoic acid

HxA (B):

hepoxilin A (B)

l12-LOX:

Leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase

LOX:

Lipoxygenases(s)

LT:

Leukotriene(s)

OS:

ω-hydroxyacylsphingosine(s)

p12-LOX:

Platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PMN:

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils

PPAR:

Peroxisome Proliferator-activated receptor

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

RT:

Reverse Transcriptase

TEWL:

Transepidermal water loss

TPA:

12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate

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  1. Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Peter Krieg & Gerhard Fürstenberger

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  1. Peter Krieg
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    Dieter Steinhilber

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Krieg, P., Fürstenberger, G. (2016). The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Lipoxygenases in the Skin. In: Steinhilber, D. (eds) Lipoxygenases in Inflammation. Progress in Inflammation Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27766-0_8

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