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Lipoxygenases in Inflammation pp 211–239Cite as

Lipoxins, Resolvins, and the Resolution of Inflammation

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Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

Abstract

Resolution of acute inflammation is an active process, where endogenous specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM), derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids via lipoxygenase (LO)-driven biochemical pathways, have pivotal roles in “turning off” pro-inflammatory signals, prompting timely resolution. SPM potent and stereospecific bioactions are of considerable interest in immunopharmacology since unresolved inflammation represents a key pathogenetic mechanism of several widespread diseases.

In recent years, biosynthetic routes, chemical structure, and specific G-protein coupled receptors for many members of the SPM genus have been uncovered. This knowledge, that emphasizes the complex pathobiological role of LO in resolution of inflammation, provides previously unforeseen opportunity and strategies for innovative pharmacology for a variety of human pathologies.

Here, we provide an overview of biosynthetic pathways, receptors, bioactions and underlying mechanisms as well as of preclinical and clinical evidence of efficacy of the best-studied SPM.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Arachidonic acid (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z -eicosatetraenoic acid)

AKI:

Acute kidney injury

ALI:

Acute lung injury

ALX/FPR2:

Lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptide receptor 2

ATL:

Aspirin triggered lipoxin

ATLa:

Aspirin triggered lipoxin analog

CCR5:

C-C Chemokine receptor type 5

COX:

Cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin H2 synthase)

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid (4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z -docosahexaenoic acid)

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z -eicosapentaenoic acid)

GPR32/DRV1:

G-Protein coupled receptor 32/resolvin D1 receptor 1

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

IFN:

Interferon

IL:

Interleukin

LO:

Lipoxygenase

LM:

Lipid mediator

LT:

Leukotriene

LX:

Lipoxin

MaR:

Maresin

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemotactic protein 1

NO:

Nitric oxide

PD:

Protectin

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PG:

Prostaglandin

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty

Rv:

Resolvin

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

TMJ:

Temporomandibular joint

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

VSMC:

Vascular smooth muscle cells

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66013, Chieti, Italy

    Antonio Recchiuti, Eleonora Cianci, Felice Simiele & Mario Romano

  2. Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66013, Chieti, Italy

    Eleonora Cianci

  3. Center of Excellence on Aging, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66013, Chieti, Italy

    Antonio Recchiuti, Eleonora Cianci, Felice Simiele & Mario Romano

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  1. Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Frankfurt, Germany

    Dieter Steinhilber

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Recchiuti, A., Cianci, E., Simiele, F., Romano, M. (2016). Lipoxins, Resolvins, and the Resolution of Inflammation. In: Steinhilber, D. (eds) Lipoxygenases in Inflammation. Progress in Inflammation Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27766-0_10

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