Skip to main content

Strategies of TPS/Lean Implementation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Beyond Lean
  • 3033 Accesses

Abstract

Without a functioning CI culture continuous improvement just does not happen. Other than that of Toyota all the rest of the transformation philosophies are structurally ill-devised, inflicted with a people management mentality that cannot by definition anchor CI in the pervasive cultural fact of the organisation. A few lessons stand out. (1) The meagre reproducibility of kaizen companies pushed (rather than led) by powerful managers to better and better results can remind us that outside their original context some solutions may not work just as conveniently. The allure of Lean must be limited for most CEO’s if they hear only about the disruption that it creates and the hard work that it demands from the whole organisation. Indeed, it is doubtful whether Lean has been configured in the right way at all to be able to serve improvement purposes in the Western context. (2) In semi-controlled Lean cultures walking a slightly different path the main carrier of the critical phase, i.e., a leadership-mentored evolution of systemic CI capabilities where leadership meets system and tech/process-level CI practice, is simply not on top of the agenda. (3) In other instances centred on technology leadership we detect at best a fragmented CI capability. Rational calculation however does speak against a dazzling commitment to systemic Lean anyway.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    This character of Byrne’s approach is criticized in some reviews as well. Let me refer specifically to Matt Wrye’s comments to which Byrne answered in a vein that tells a lot about his approach, reinforcing some of my own concerns. Cf. https://beyondlean.wordpress.com/tag/art-byrne/

  2. 2.

    “Remind yourself that structure drives behaviour” (Byrne 2013a, 34 %).

  3. 3.

    Cf. the most extensive roadmap of change by Michael Heidingsfelder http://www.industryweek.com/companies-amp-executives/18-keys-operational-excellence and its distancing from Deming’s 14 principles (Deming 1982). Also https://web.archive.org/web/20080311021515/http://www.deming.org/theman/articles/articles_gbnf04.html

  4. 4.

    https://finance.yahoo.com/q/co?s=TM+Competitors

  5. 5.

    http://fortune.com/2015/06/03/fords-tech-might-end-up-in-your-toyota/

  6. 6.

    Cf. http://www.autonews.com/article/20140505/OEM02/305059951/fields:-ford-cant-slip--to-reverse

  7. 7.

    On Fields’ understanding on his business see http://www.theverge.com/2015/5/1/8525073/ford-ceo-mark-fields-interview, on the direction of his leadership http://www.autonews.com/article/20150614/OEM02/306159971/after-smooth-1st-year-fords-fields-faces-breakthrough-challenge

  8. 8.

    http://corporate.ford.com/investors/reports-and-filings/quarterly-reports.html#/2015

  9. 9.

    http://www.thestreet.com/story/1543980/1/for-mulally-fords-culture-is-job-one.html

  10. 10.

    http://general-motors.blogspot.com.au/2006/06/efficient-auto-factories-arent-spared.html

  11. 11.

    http://www.wsj.com/articles/toyota-unveils-revamped-manufacturing-process-1427371432

  12. 12.

    http://www.cnbc.com/id/100449231

  13. 13.

    ibid.

  14. 14.

    http://www.cnbc.com/id/100449231

  15. 15.

    http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/content/en/investor_relations/Warum_Volkswagen/MQB.html

  16. 16.

    http://www.autoblog.com/2014/08/04/vw-macht-quits-mqb-platform-problems/

  17. 17.

    http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/24/us-volkswagen-mqb-insight-idUSKCN0HJ0WL20140924

  18. 18.

    http://www.labornotes.org/2015/03/volkswagen-tennessee-productivitys-price

  19. 19.

    http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-19/volkswagen-china-sales-decline-for-first-time-since-2005

  20. 20.

    http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/vow?countrycode=xe

  21. 21.

    http://www.wintonsworld.com/vw-can-forget-big-profit-gains-from-new-production-system/

  22. 22.

    http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/09/06/business/automakers-may-miss-boat-modularization/#.VcMN3fmN23F

  23. 23.

    https://www.rolandberger.com/media/pdf/Roland_Berger_COO_Insights_Volatility_20120814.pdf

  24. 24.

    http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/volkswagen/91836/vw-group-to-split-into-four-holding-companies

  25. 25.

    http://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/sep/22/vw-scandal-caused-nearly-1m-tonnes-of-extra-pollution-analysis-shows

  26. 26.

    Let’s not forget that Germany’s auto industry has long been in the forefront of combining new technologies with jog redesign based on work groups. Cf. “Introduction” (Kochan et al. 1997).

  27. 27.

    Headline from the The Engineer, 14th September 1978.

  28. 28.

    https://global.handelsblatt.com/edition/211/ressort/companies-markets/article/vw-volkswagen-herbert-diess-bmw

  29. 29.

    http://www.labornotes.org/2015/03/volkswagen-tennessee-productivitys-price

  30. 30.

    http://www.performancemagazine.org/performance-management-in-the-automotive-industry-volkswagen-toyota-and-fiat/

  31. 31.

    http://www.theengineer.co.uk/in-depth/interviews/bosch-board-member-werner-struth/1020471.article

  32. 32.

    Scarbrough and Corbett (2013).

  33. 33.

    http://www.cnet.com/news/volkswagen-audi-accused-of-using-software-to-cheat-us-diesel-emissions-tests/

  34. 34.

    http://www.wsj.com/articles/volkswagen-ceo-apologizes-after-epa-accusations-1442754877

  35. 35.

    Cf. with the Nissan Production Way that has kept much of the TPS spirit, too, but losing focus on the people. “Compared to Toyota, the synchronization philosophy of Nissan is more geared towards lower-volume, higher-variety and more high-tech manufacturing. Exactly the type of characteristics that western economies claim to have.” http://better-operations.com/2012/08/30/nissan-production-way-a-better-alternative-to-tps/ Do not miss Jeffrey Liker’s contribution in the comment section on the side-effects of this: “The statement that the Nissan system is a better alternative to TPS is a silly statement. By and large Nissan copies Toyota. If you look at the underlying philosophy they are talking about the same thing–continuous improvement through surfacing problems and solving them one by one. Specific surface manifestations like how much automation you use in a particular area and whether or not you use a cart are simply countermeasures being tried at different places and times. Toyota has been all over the board in the use of automation and IT. They have kept a very consistent philosophy over decades of solving problems at the gemba and striving for simplicity. They highly value people development and kaizen and normally will move away from technology, like a lot of automation, when they determine it reduces flexibility and reduces kaizen. Nissan does not seem to have as strong and consistent a philosophy of developing people and their system these days is probably influenced by the fact that Renault, a French company, owns them. Nissan sees to be more tool focused, which I agree makes them an easier fit for American companies, in that it is more similar to what we do. It is not necessarily the best way as we depend far too much on tools to solve our problems and far too little of gray matter and persistence to do what it takes to solve the problem and achieve the target.”

References

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Béndek, P. (2016). Strategies of TPS/Lean Implementation. In: Beyond Lean. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27745-5_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics