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Soil Bacteria for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Remediation: Application Potentialities and Limitations

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Plant, Soil and Microbes

Abstract

The PAH pollution in the crude oil-contaminated sites is a perennial problem in several parts of the world. About 130 PAH species have been identified, and out of them 16 are reported to be as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) which include toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic compounds. PAHs are also ubiquitous in the environment due to atmospheric deposition resulting from the incomplete combustion of organic matter such as diesel, coal, and wood. These compounds are persistent pollutant in the soil system, and their persistency increases with the increase in molecular weight. Several remediation techniques including both chemical and biological method have been tested for decontamination of the PAH-polluted soil ecosystem. Each method has advantages as well as limitations. Bacteria are the dominant microorganism in the PAH-contaminated soil and play a crucial role in degradation of a wide range of PAH species. Both aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation are important and their mechanism has been studied. However, aerobic bacteria and their degradation metabolism on PAHs have been well studied as against their anaerobic counterpart. Besides, PAH bioremediation is governed by several factors such as type of organism, bioavailability of the compounds, soil type, microbial enzyme, etc., that are associated with the successful remediation of the PAH pollutant from the environment. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to discuss the application potentialities as well as limitations of soil bacterial candidates in terms of degradation of PAH compounds.

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Acknowledgment

Authors are grateful to the Science and Engineering research Board (SERB), DST, Govt. of India for financial support. The corresponding author is running a project in this line under SERB (DST) fast track young scientist program. Authors are also grateful to Institute Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST) authority for their kind permission to carry out the academic activities and research work in this track.

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  1. Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati-35, Assam, India

    H. Deka & J. Lahkar

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  1. H. Deka
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  2. J. Lahkar
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Correspondence to H. Deka .

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  1. Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  2. Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Sayeed Akhtar

  3. Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah

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Deka, H., Lahkar, J. (2016). Soil Bacteria for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Remediation: Application Potentialities and Limitations. In: Hakeem, K., Akhtar, M., Abdullah, S. (eds) Plant, Soil and Microbes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27455-3_15

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