Skip to main content

Designing for User Experience and Engagement

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter proposes a design framework for user engagement based on the background knowledge of theories and models that underpin design thinking and that foreground knowledge of principles and heuristics that can be applied when designing. The chapter presents a model that encompasses the context of use and leads to the criteria that can be selected to target the evaluation of engaging experiences. The chapter is rich in examples of engaging design and emphasizes, in particular, the affective components of users: both their personal dispositions and the emotions engendered through interaction. The goal of this chapter is to provide design knowledge and inspiration rather than being a “how to” approach to engaging design.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.googleartproject.com/en-gb/.

  2. 2.

    http://www.louvre.fr/en (Site design has since changed with avatar guide and animated links removed).

  3. 3.

    http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/.

References

  1. Al-Qaed, F., Sutcliffe, A.G.: Adaptive decision support system (ADSS) for B2C e-commerce. In: Proceedings 8th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, pp. 492–503. ACM Press, New York (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Beck, K.: Extreme Programming Explained: Embracing Change. Addison-Wesley, New York (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Benford, S., Giannachi, G., Koleva, B., Rodden, T.: From interaction to trajectories: designing coherent journeys through user experiences. In: Proceedings: CHI 2009: 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 709–718. ACM Press, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Benyon, D., Turner, P., Turner, S.: Designing Interactive Systems: People, Activities, Contexts Technologies. Pearson Education, Harlow (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Berlyne, D.E.: Conflict, Arousal, and Curiosity. McGraw-Hill, New York (1960)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. Blythe, M.A., Overbeeke, K., Monk, A.F., Wright, P.C.: Funology: From Usability to Enjoyment. Kluwer, Boston (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bolchini, D., Garzotto, F., Sorce, F.: Does branding need web usability? A value-oriented empirical study. Interact 2, 652–665 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Buxton, B.: Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Callele, D., Neufeld, E., Schneider, K.: Emotional requirements in video games. In: Proceedings: 14th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference RE06, pp. 299–302. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Carroll, J.M.: The Nurnberg Funnel: Designing Minimalist Instruction for Practical Computer Skill. MIT Press, Cambridge (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Carroll, J.M.: Making Use: Scenario-Based Design of Human-Computer Interactions. MIT Press, Cambridge (2000)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Clark, H.H.: Using Language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1996)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  13. Cockton, G., Kujala, S., Nurkka, P., Höttä, T.: Supporting Worth Mapping with Sentence Completion. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5727. Springer, Berlin (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cooper, A., Reimann, R., Cronin, D.: About Face 3: The Essentials of Interaction Design. Wiley, Indianapolis (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Csikszentmihalyi, M.: Flow: The Classic Work on How to Achieve Happiness, Revised edn. Rider, London (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Cyr, D., Head, M., Ivanov, A.: Perceived interactivity leading to e-loyalty: development of a model for cognitive-affective user responses. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 67 (10), 850–869 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. De Angeli, A., Brahnam, S.: I hate you! Disinhibition with virtual partners. Interact. Comput. 20, 302–310 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. De Angeli, A., Sutcliffe, A., Hartmann, J.: Interaction, usability and aesthetics: what influences users’ preferences? In Proceedings: Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, DIS-06, pp. 271–280. ACM Press, New York (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  19. De Bruijn, O., De Angeli, A., Sutcliffe, A.G.: Customer experience requirements for e-commerce web-sites. Int. J. Web Eng. Technol. 3 (4), 441–464 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Diefenbach, S., Hassenzahl, M.: The “beauty dilemma”: beauty is valued but discounted in product choice. In: Proceedings of the CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems, pp. 1419–1426. ACM Press, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Djajadiningrat, J.P., Gaver, W.W., Frens, J.W.: Interaction relabelling and extreme characters: methods for exploring aesthetic interactions. In: Boyarski, D., Kellogg, W.A. (eds.) Proceedings of DIS2000 Designing Interactive Systems: Processes, Practices Methods and Techniques, pp. 66–71. ACM Press, New York (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dourish, P.: Where the Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction. MIT Press, Cambridge (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Fogg, B.J.: Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hart, J.: Evaluating user engagement and interaction for design. Ph.D. thesis, University of Manchester (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hart, J., Sutcliffe, A.G.: Love it or hate it! The UX of interactivity and user types. In: Proceedings of CHI 2013. ACM Press/Digital Library, New York (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hartmann, J., Sutcliffe, A.G., De Angeli, A.: Investigating attractiveness in web user interfaces. In: Proceedings of CHI 2007. ACM Press, New York (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hartmann, J., Sutcliffe, A.G., De Angeli, A.: Towards a theory of user judgment of aesthetics and user interface quality. ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact. 15 (4), 15 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hassenzahl, M.: The interplay of beauty, goodness and usability in interactive products. Hum. Comput. Interact. 19, 319–349 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hassenzahl, M., Monk, A.: The inference of perceived usability from beauty. Hum. Comput. Interact. 25 (3), 235–260 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Hassenzahl, M., Tractinsky, N.: User experience: a research agenda. Behav. Inf. Technol. 25, 91–97 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Hassenzahl, M., Schöbel, M., Trautmann, T.: How motivational orientation influences the evaluation and choice of hedonic and pragmatic interactive products: the role of regulatory focus. Interact. Comput. 20, 473–479 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hassenzahl, M., Diefenbach, S., Göritz, A.S.: Needs, affect, and interactive products: facets of user experience. Interact. Comput. 22 (5), 353–362 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Hoffman, D.L., Novak, T.P.: Marketing in hypermedia computer mediated environments: conceptual foundations. J. Market. 60, 50–68 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Jennett, C., Cox, A.L., et al.: Measuring and defining the experience of immersion in games. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 66 (9), 641–661 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Karapanos, E., Zimmerman, J., Forlizzi, J., Martens, J.B.: User experience over time: an initial framework. In: Proceedings of the CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems, pp. 729–738. ACM, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Khan, R.F., Sutcliffe, A.G.: Attractive agents are more persuasive. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 30 (2), 142–150 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Kristof, R., Satran, A.: Interactivity by Design: Creating and Communicating with New Media. Adobe Press, Mountain View (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Kujala, S., Roto, V., et al.: UX curve: a method for evaluating long-term user experience. Interact. Comput. 23, 473–483 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Lavie, T., Tractinsky, N.: Assessing dimensions of perceived visual aesthetics of websites. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 60, 269–298 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Lee, S., Koubek, R.: Understanding user preference based on usability and aesthetics before and after actual use. Interact. Comput. 22 (6), 530–543 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Lidwell, W., Holden K., Butler, J.: Universal Principles of Design. Rockport, Gloucester (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Lindgaard, G., Dudek, C., et al.: An exploration of relations between visual appeal, trustworthiness and perceived usability of homepages. ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact. 18 (1), 1–30 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Magni, M.M., Taylor, S., Venkatesh, V.: To play or not to play? A cross temporal investigation using hedonic and instrumental perspectives to explain user intentions to explore a technology. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 68, 572–588 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  44. McCarthy, J., Wright, P.: Technology as Experience. MIT Press, Cambridge (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  45. McMahan, R.P., Kopper, R., Bowman, D.A.: Principles for designing effective 3D interaction techniques. In: Hale, K.S., Stanney, K.M. (eds.) Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation and Applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Mendoza, V., Novick, D.G.: Usability over time. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Design of Communication: Documenting and Designing for Pervasive Information, pp. 151–158. ACM Press, New York (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Mullet, K., Sano, D.: Designing Visual Interfaces: Communication Oriented Techniques. SunSoft Press, Englewood Cliffs (1995)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  48. O’Brien, H.: The influence of hedonic and utilitarian motivations on user engagement: the case of online shopping experiences. Interact. Comput. 22 (5), 344–352 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. O’Brien, H., Lebow, M.: A mixed methods approach to measuring user experience in online news interactions. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 64 (8), 1543–1556 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. O’Brien, H., Toms, E.: What is user engagement? A conceptual framework for defining user engagement with technology. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 59 (8), 938–955 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Payne, J.W., Bettman, J.R., Johnson, E.J.: The Adaptive Decision Maker. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1993)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  52. Porat, T., Tractinsky, N.: It’s a pleasure buying here: the effects of web-store design on consumers’ emotions and attitudes. Hum. Comput. Interact. 27 (3), 235–276 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Reeves, B., Nass, C.: The media equation: how people treat computers, television and new media like real people and places. CLSI/Cambridge University Press, Stanford/Cambridge (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Romero, P., Cavillo-Gamez, E.: An embodied view of flow. Interact. Comput. 26 (6), 513–527 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Short, J., Williams, E., Christie, B.: The Social Psychology of Telecommunications. Wiley, Chichester (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Sundar, S.S., Bellur, S., Oh, J., Xu, Q., Jia, H.: User experience of on-screen interaction techniques: an experimental investigation of clicking, sliding, zooming, hovering, dragging and flipping. Hum. Comput. Interact. 29, 109–152 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Sutcliffe, A.G.: Assessing the reliability of heuristic evaluation for website attractiveness and usability. In: Proceedings HICSS-35: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 1838–1847. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Sutcliffe, A.G.: Multimedia and Virtual Reality: Designing Multisensory User Interfaces. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Sutcliffe, A.G.: Designing for user engagement: aesthetic and attractive user interfaces. In: Carroll, J.M. (ed.) Synthesis Lectures on Human Centered Informatics. Morgan Claypool, San Rafael (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Sutcliffe, A.G., Carroll, J.M.: Generalizing claims and reuse of HCI knowledge. In: Johnson, H., Nigay, L., Roast, C. (eds.) People and Computers XIII; Proceedings of BCS-HCI ’98, pp. 159–176. Springer, Berlin (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  61. Sutcliffe, A.G., De Angeli, A.: Assessing interaction styles in web user interfaces. In: Costabile, M.F., Paterno, F. (eds.) Proceedings of Interact 2005, pp. 405–417 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Teo, H.H., Oh, L.B., Liu, C., Wei, K.K.: An empirical study of the effects of interactivity on web user attitude. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 58 (3), 281–305 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Tractinsky, N., Shoval-Katz, A., Ikar, D.: What is beautiful is usable. Interact. Comput. 13 (2), 127–145 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Travis, D.: Effective Colour Displays: Theory and Practice. Academic Press, Boston (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Trevino, L.K. Lengel, R.H., Daft, R.L.: Media symbolism, media richness, and media choice in organizations: a symbolic interactionist perspective. Commun. Res. 5, 553–574 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Tuch, A.N., Roth, S.P., et al.: Is beautiful really usable? Towards understanding the relation between usability, aesthetics and affect in HCI. Comput. Hum. Behav. 28, 1596–1607 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Weibel, D., Wissmath, B.: Immersion in computer games: the role of spatial presence and flow. Int. J. Comput. Games Technol. 2011, Article ID 282345 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Wirth, W., Hartmann, T., Bocking, S., et al.: A process model of the formation of spatial presence experiences. Media Psychol. 9, 493–525 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Witmer, B.G., Singer, M.J.: Measuring presence in virtual environments: a presence questionnaire. Presence 7, 225–240 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Wu, J., Lu, X.: Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivators on using utilitarian, hedonic, and dual-purposed information systems: a meta-analysis. J. Assoc. Inf. Syst. 13 (3), 153–191 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alistair Sutcliffe .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sutcliffe, A. (2016). Designing for User Experience and Engagement. In: O'Brien, H., Cairns, P. (eds) Why Engagement Matters. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27446-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27446-1_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-27444-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-27446-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics