Skip to main content

The Assessment of Ductal Margin in Curative-Intent Surgery for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Difficult Decisions in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery

Abstract

In the surgical approach for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, one of the most important aims is to achieve a bile duct margin-negative resection because a negative resection margin is a crucial determinant of prognosis after curative-intent resection. Advances in the knowledge of perihilar anatomy and surgical techniques, including perioperative management, have made an extended hepatectomy with complete resection of the caudate lobe the recommended approach for a promising outcome after curative-intent surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Enhanced multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) with three-dimensional and multiplanar reconstruction is necessary for both a precise preoperative evaluation of the tumor extent and safe and curative surgical resection, while the gold standard for preoperative assessment of the bile duct margin is cholangiography or MDCT/magnetic resonance cholangiography, depending on the surgeon’s preference.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Popescu I, Dumitrascu T. Curative-intent surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: prognostic factors for clinical decision making. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2014;399:693–705.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Nagino M. Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a surgeon’s viewpoint on current topics. J Gastroenterol. 2012;47:1165–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ramos E. Principles of surgical resection in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2013;5:139–46.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Matsuo K, Rocha FG, Ito K, D’Angelica MI, Allen PJ, Fong Y, et al. The Blumgart preoperative staging system for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: analysis of resectability and outcomes in 380 patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2012;215:343–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lee SG, Song GW, Hwang S, Ha TY, Moon DB, Jung DH, et al. Surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in the new era: the Asan experience. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2010;17:476–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Nagino M, Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Igami T, Sugawara G, Takahashi Y, et al. Evolution of surgical treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a single-center 34-year review of 574 consecutive resections. Ann Surg. 2013;258:129–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Nuzzo G, Giuliante F, Ardito F, Giovannini I, Aldrighetti L, Belli G, et al. Improvement in perioperative and long-term outcome after surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: results of an Italian multicenter analysis of 440 patients. Arch Surg. 2012;147:26–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ebata T, Kosuge T, Hirano S, Unno M, Yamamoto M, Miyazaki M, et al. Proposal to modify the International Union Against Cancer staging system for perihilar cholangiocarcinomas. Br J Surg. 2014;101:79–88.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. de Jong MC, Marques H, Clary BM, Bauer TW, Marsh JW, Ribero D, et al. The impact of portal vein resection on outcomes for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis of 305 cases. Cancer. 2012;118:4737–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Song SC, Choi DW, Kow AW, Choi SH, Heo JS, Kim WS, et al. Surgical outcomes of 230 resected hilar cholangiocarcinoma in a single centre. ANZ J Surg. 2013;83:268–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Cho MS, Kim SH, Park SW, Lim JH, Choi GH, Park JS, et al. Surgical outcomes and predicting factors of curative resection in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma: 10-year single-institution experience. J Gastrointest Surg. 2012;16:1672–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Li H, Qin Y, Cui Y, Chen H, Hao X, Li Q. Analysis of the surgical outcome and prognostic factors for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a Chinese experience. Dig Surg. 2011;28:226–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Tsao JI, Nimura Y, Kamiya J, Hayakawa N, Kondo S, Nagino M, et al. Management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of an American and a Japanese experience. Ann Surg. 2000;232:166–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Cannon RM, Brock G, Buell JF. Surgical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: experience improves resectability. HPB (Oxf). 2012;14:142–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Natsume S, Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Igami T, Sugawara G, Shimoyama Y, et al. Clinical significance of left trisectionectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: an appraisal and comparison with left hepatectomy. Ann Surg. 2012;255:754–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Shimizu H, Kimura F, Yoshidome H, Ohtsuka M, Kato A, Yoshitomi H, et al. Aggressive surgical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma of the left-side predominance: radicality and safety of left-sided hepatectomy. Ann Surg. 2010;251:281–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Cheng QB, Yi B, Wang JH, Jiang XQ, Luo XJ, Liu C, et al. Resection with total caudate lobectomy confers survival benefit in hilar cholangiocarcinoma of Bismuth type III and IV. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2012;38:1197–203.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kow AW, Wook CD, Song SC, Kim WS, Kim MJ, Park HJ, et al. Role of caudate lobectomy in type III A and III B hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a 15-year experience in a tertiary institution. World J Surg. 2012;36:1112–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Nimura Y, Hayakawa N, Kamiya J, Kondo S, Shionoya S. Hepatic segmentectomy with caudate lobe resection for bile duct carcinoma of the hepatic hilus. World J Surg. 1990;14:535–43; discussion 544.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Neuhaus P, Thelen A, Jonas S, Puhl G, Denecke T, Veltzke-Schlieker W, et al. Oncological superiority of hilar en bloc resection for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19:1602–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Dumitrascu T, Chirita D, Ionescu M, Popescu I. Resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: analysis of prognostic factors and the impact of systemic inflammation on long-term outcome. J Gastrointest Surg. 2013;17:913–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ruys AT, van Beem BE, Engelbrecht MR, Bipat S, Stoker J, Van Gulik TM. Radiological staging in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Radiol. 2012;85:1255–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Akamatsu N, Sugawara Y, Osada H, Okada T, Itoyama S, Komagome M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector-row computed tomography for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25:731–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kim HJ, Lee DH, Lim JW, Ko YT. Multidetector computed tomography in the preoperative workup of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Acta Radiol. 2009;50:845–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Senda Y, Nishio H, Oda K, Yokoyama Y, Ebata T, Igami T, et al. Value of multidetector row CT in the assessment of longitudinal extension of cholangiocarcinoma: correlation between MDCT and microscopic findings. World J Surg. 2009;33:1459–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Akamatsu N, Sugawara Y, Osada H, Okada T, Itoyama S, Komagome M, et al. Preoperative evaluation of the longitudinal spread of extrahepatic bile duct cancer using multidetector computed tomography. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2009;16:216–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Endo I, Matsuyama R, Mori R, Taniguchi K, Kumamoto T, Takeda K, et al. Imaging and surgical planning for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2014;21:525–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Park MJ, Kim YK, Lim S, Rhim H, Lee WJ. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: value of adding DW imaging to gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging with MR cholangiopancreatography for preoperative evaluation. Radiology. 2014;270:768–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Chryssou E, Guthrie JA, Ward J, Robinson PJ. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: MR correlation with surgical and histological findings. Clin Radiol. 2010;65:781–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Chen XP, Lau WY, Huang ZY, Zhang ZW, Chen YF, Zhang WG, et al. Extent of liver resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg. 2009;96:1167–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hirano S, Kondo S, Tanaka E, Shichinohe T, Tsuchikawa T, Kato K, et al. Outcome of surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a special reference to postoperative morbidity and mortality. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2010;17:455–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Unno M, Katayose Y, Rikiyama T, Yoshida H, Yamamoto K, Morikawa T, et al. Major hepatectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2010;17:463–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Furusawa N, Kobayashi A, Yokoyama T, Shimizu A, Motoyama H, Miyagawa S. Surgical treatment of 144 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma without liver-related mortality. World J Surg. 2014;38:1164–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Ribero D, Amisano M, Lo Tesoriere R, Rosso S, Ferrero A, Capussotti L. Additional resection of an intraoperative margin-positive proximal bile duct improves survival in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2011;254:776–81; discussion 781–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Shingu Y, Ebata T, Nishio H, Igami T, Shimoyama Y, Nagino M. Clinical value of additional resection of a margin-positive proximal bile duct in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surgery. 2010;147:49–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yasuhiko Sugawara .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Akamatsu, N., Sugawara, Y., Kokudo, N. (2016). The Assessment of Ductal Margin in Curative-Intent Surgery for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma. In: Millis, J., Matthews, J. (eds) Difficult Decisions in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery. Difficult Decisions in Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27365-5_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27365-5_31

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-27363-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-27365-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics