Abstract
Metabonomics is “the quantitative measurement over time of the metabolic responses of an individual or population to drug treatment or other intervention” [1], such as a disease process, and provides a ‘top-down’ integrated overview of the biochemistry in a complex system. The metabolic profile is determined by both host genetic and environmental factors [2]. As such, metabonomics has great potential for intensive care medicine, where patients are complex and understanding the relationship of host factors, disease and treatment effects is key to improving care. Approaches that focus on single or small sets of biomarkers may fail to capture this complexity, so metabonomics may have advantages for both understanding diseases and improving diagnostics and treatment monitoring.
Spectroscopic techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, have been used to determine the global metabolic profiles of numerous types of biological samples. Most commonly, blood and urine are analyzed but any biological specimens, including tissue, cerebrospinal fluid or exhaled breath condensate, can be used [3–6]. Metabonomic methods have been used to evaluate numerous clinically-significant conditions including trauma [7, 8], acute kidney injury (AKI) and monitoring of dialysis [9–11], subarachnoid hemorrhage [12], and acute lung injury (ALI) [13].
The two broad analytical platforms, NMR and mass spectrometry, each have their own strengths and weaknesses and together give complementary information. Data can be acquired that either provides non-targeted global metabolic information, which is useful for initial biomarker discovery, or can be targeted to obtain detailed information on a specific class of metabolites or metabolic processes.
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Antcliffe, D., Gordon, A.C. (2016). Metabonomics and Intensive Care. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2016. Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27349-5_28
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27349-5_28
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