Abstract
In addition to indicate frequency, “changchang” (常常[changchang](often,always;frequently,usually)) and “jingchang” (经常[jingchang](often,always;frequently,usually)) can also be used to represent that actions or events occur, or states exist with regularity, and the sentence express people’s experience summary as well as “wang wang” (往往[wangwang](frequently,usually;often,always)) and “tongchang” (通常[tongchang](frequently,usually;often,always)). This study points out: (1) The four adverbs tend to match the controllable/uncontrollable verbs when they refer to frequency/regular; (2) They are more inclined to mean regular when they match adjectives. This study applies the method of corpus linguistics, combines with the comparison methods of function words to verify with syntactic behavior. Based on the observation of a large number of data and analyze the specific facts, we get a sequence of semantic features.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Shuxiang, L.: Eight hundred words in Modern Chinese (Revised and Enlarged). Commercial Press, Beijing (2013). (吕叔湘主编.现代汉语八百词(增订本).北京:商务印书馆. 2013). (in Chinese)
The Linguistics Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: The dictionary of Modern Chinese, 6th edn. Commercial Press, Beijing (2014). (中国社会科学院语言研究所.现代汉语词典(第6版).北京:商务印刷馆, 2014). (in Chinese)
Yuehua, L., et al.: Practical modern Chinese grammar. Commercial Press, Beijing (1983). (刘月华,等.实用现代汉语语法.北京:商务印书馆出版社, 1983). (in Chinese)
Xiaoqi, L.: Modern Chinese function words. Peking University Press, Beijing (2003). (李晓琪.现代汉语虚词手册.北京:北京大学出版社, 2003). (in Chinese)
Yisheng, Z.: Modern Chinese adverb research. Akademia Press, Shanghai (2004). (张谊生.现代汉语副词研究.上海:学林出版社, 2004). (in Chinese)
Yisheng, Zhang: Modern Chinese adverb analysis. Akademia Press, Shanghai (2000). (张谊生.现代汉语副词分析.上海:学林出版社, 2000). (in Chinese)
Xiaoqi, L.: Modern Chinese function words notes. Commercial Press, Beijing (2005). (李晓琪.现代汉语虚词讲义,北京:北京大学出版社, 2005). (in Chinese)
Haiqing, Z.: The function of the time adverbs in modern Chinese research. World Book Press, Beijing (2011). (邹海清.现代汉语时间副词的功能研究.北京:世界图书出版社, 2011). (in Chinese)
Haibo, R., et al.: Based on the corpus comparative study on the synonym function words in Modern Chinese. Akademia Press, Shanghai (2013). (任海波,等.基于语料库的现代汉语近义虚词对比研究.上海:学林出版, 2013). (in Chinese)
Dexi, Z.: Grammar notes. Commercial Press, Beijing (2011). (朱德熙,语法讲义.北京:商务印书馆, 2011). (in Chinese)
Jianming, L., Zhen, M.: The theory of modern Chinese function words. Language Press, Beijing (1999). (陆俭明,马真.现代汉语虚词散论.北京:语文出版社. 1999). (in Chinese)
Jianming, L.: Modern Chinese grammar research tutoria. Peking University Press, Beijing (2005). (陆俭明.现代汉语语法研究教程.北京:北京大学出版社, 2005.) (in Chinese)
Jianming, L.: Modern Chinese adverbs individual usage. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies (1982). (陆俭明 现代汉语副词独用刍议.语言教学研究. 1982). (in Chinese)
Jianming, L.: The modern Chinese temporal words. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies (1991). (陆俭明.现代汉语时间词说略.语言教学与研究. 1991). (in Chinese)
Xiaobing, Z.: The classification and usage rules of frequency adverbs. Journal of East China Normal University (1999). (周小兵.频度副词的划类与使用规则.华东师范大学学报, 1999). (in Chinese)
Zhou Xiaobing “chang” and“tongchang”. Chinese Language Learning (1994). (周小兵.“常常”和“通常”.汉语学习, 1994). (in Chinese)
Jiaxuan, S.: Semantic uncertainty and Indivisible Polysemous Sentences. Studies of The Chinese Language (1991). (沈家煊.语义的不确定性和不可分化的多义句.中国语文, 1991). (in Chinese)
JinSheng, S.: Semantic function research of modern Chinese adverbs. Doctoral thesis, Nankai University (2002). (史金生.现代汉语副词的语义功能研究,南开大学博士论文, 2002). (in Chinese)
Jingshang, S., Xiaoping, H.: Category of Momentum adverb and its selectivity. Linguistic Research (2001). (史金生,胡晓萍.动量副词的类别及其选择性.语文研究, 2004). (in Chinese)
Mingyang, H.: Single contrast analysis-attempt to develop a kind of function words semantic analysis. Studies of The Chinese Language (2000). (胡明扬.单项对比分析法—制定一种虚词语义分析法的尝试.中国语文) 2000. (in Chinese)
Qingzhu, M.: Controllable verb and uncontrollable verb. Journal of Chinese Linguistics (1988). (马庆株.自主动词和非自主动词,中国语言学报, 1988). (in Chinese)
Chunli, Z.: The co-occurrence rules between emotion adjectives and nouns. Studies of The Chinese Language (2007). (赵春利.情感形容词与名词同现的原则.中国语文, 2007). (in Chinese)
Guoxian, Z.: The dynamic adjectives in modern Chinese. Studies of The Chinese Language (1995). (张国宪.现代汉语的动态形容词,中国语文, 1995). (in Chinese)
Guoxian, Z.: Typical characteristics of modern Chinese adjectives. Studies of The Chinese Language (2000). (张国宪.现代汉语形容词的典型特征,中国语文, 2000). (in Chinese)
Jun, W.: A comparative study of “changchang” and “tongchang”. Master Thesis, HeNan University (2011). (王 俊.“常常”和“通常”的比较研究.河南大学,硕士论文, 2011). (in Chinese)
Haiqing, Z.: The modern Chinese frequency adverbs. Master Thesis, Shanghai Normal University (2005). (邹海清.现代汉语频率副词研究.上海师范大学,硕士论文, 2005). (in Chinese)
Haiqing, Z.: The scope and categories of frequency adverbs. Chinese Teaching in the World (2006). (邹海清.频率副词的范围和类别.世界汉语教学, 2006). (in Chinese)
Yupei, W.: A comparative study of frequency adverbs “changchang” and “wangwang” in modern Chinese. Master Thesis, JiLin University (2007). (王宇培.现代汉语表频时间副词“常常”与“往往”的比较研究.吉林大学,硕士论文, 2007). (in Chinese)
Shujuan, D.: The study of frequency adverbs in modern Chinese. Master Thesis, Yanbian University. (丁淑娟.现代汉语频率副词研究.延边大学.硕士论文, 2004). (in Chinese)
Chunxiang, W., et al.: The modern Chinese frequency adverbs of hierarchy and semantic research. Chinese Language Learning (2005). (吴春相,等.现代汉语频率副词的层级和语义研究.汉语学习, 2005). (in Chinese)
Xiqiang, X., et al.: Modern Chinese adverb research summary. Journal of Yunnan Normal University (2006). (肖奚强,等.现代汉语副词研究综述.云南师范大学报, 2006). (in Chinese)
Yang, Z.: Highlight differences between “tongchang” and “changchang”. Chinese Language Learning (2013). (杨智渤.“通常”与“常常”的凸显差异.汉语学习, 2013). (in Chinese)
Pai, P., et al.: “meimei” and “wangwang”, “changchang”. Journal of Chengdu University (彭湃,等.“每每”与“往往”、“常常”.成都大学学报, 2004). (in Chinese)
Yongming, S.: The semantic and grammatical features of “changchang” and “wangwang”. Journal of Zhe Jian Normal University (2002). (寿永明.“常常”与“往往”的语义语法特征.浙江师范学报, 2002). (in Chinese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhang, Y., Liu, P. (2015). The Semantic Features of “changchang”, “jingchang”, “wangwang” and “tongchang”—A Corpus-Based Perspective. In: Lu, Q., Gao, H. (eds) Chinese Lexical Semantics. CLSW 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9332. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27194-1_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27194-1_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-27193-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-27194-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)